1. Introduction of Metformin
Metformin is one kind of white or off-white crystal powder. The IUPAC name of 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide is 3-(diaminomethylidene)-1,1-dimethylguanidine. The classification codes are Antidiabetic; Drug / Therapeutic Agent; Hypoglycemic agents; Mutation data; Reproductive Effect. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO_x. Besides, it is freely soluble as HCl salt.

2. Properties of Metformin
The other characteristics of this product can be summarized as: (1)ACD/LogP: -1.82; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 1; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -3.82; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -3.82; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 1; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1; (9)#H bond acceptors: 5; (10)#H bond donors: 5; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 1; (12)Index of Refraction: 1.576; (13)Molar Refractivity: 33.35 cm³; (14)Molar Volume: 100.7 cm³; (15)Polarizability: 13.22×10^-24 cm³; (16)Surface Tension: 50.8 dyne/cm; (17)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 46.06 kJ/mol; (18)Vapour Pressure: 0.0929 mmHg at 25°C; (19)Rotatable Bond Count: 2; (20)Tautomer Count: 3; (21)Exact Mass: 129.101445; (22)MonoIsotopic Mass: 129.101445; (23)Topological Polar Surface Area: 91.5; (24)Heavy Atom Count: 9; (25)Complexity: 132.

3. Structure Descriptors of Metformin
People can use the following data to convert to the molecule structure.
(1)SMILES:[N@H]=C(\N=C(/N)N)N(C)C
(2)InChI:InChI=1/C4H11N5/c1-9(2)4(7)8-3(5)6/h1-2H3,(H5,5,6,7,8)
(3)InChIKey:XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYAB
(4)Canonical SMILES : CN(C)C(=N)N=C(N)N

4. Toxicity of Metformin
The following are the toxicity data which has been tested.

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
frog	LD50	parenteral	5gm/kg (5000mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS" BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES	Archiwum Immunologii i Terapii Doswiadczalnej. Vol. 2, Pg. 1, 1954.
guinea pig	LD50	subcutaneous	146mg/kg (146mg/kg)		Medicina Experimentalis. Vol. 8, Pg. 237, 1963.
man	TDLo	oral	321mg/kg/15D- (321mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) LIVER: "JAUNDICE, OTHER OR UNCLASSIFIED" BLOOD: "CHANGES IN SERUM COMPOSITION (E.G., TP, BILIRUBIN, CHOLESTEROL)"	New England Journal of Medicine. Vol. 339, Pg. 1860, 1998.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	247mg/kg (247mg/kg)		Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Vol. 10, Pg. 521, 1967.
mouse	LD50	oral	1450mg/kg (1450mg/kg)		Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. Vol. 9, Pg. 759, 1967.
mouse	LD50	subcutaneous	230mg/kg (230mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS" BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES	Archiwum Immunologii i Terapii Doswiadczalnej. Vol. 2, Pg. 1, 1954.
women	TDLo	oral	191mg/kg/9D-I (191mg/kg)	LIVER: "JAUNDICE, OTHER OR UNCLASSIFIED" BLOOD: OTHER HEMOLYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT ANEMIA	Postgraduate Medical Journal. Vol. 76, Pg. 125, 2000.

5. Physical Properties of Metformin

Physical Property	Value	Units	Temp (deg C)	Source
log P (octanol-water)	-2.640	(none)		EST
Atmospheric OH Rate Constant	1.53E-10	cm3/molecule-sec	25	EST

6. Uses of Metformin
Metformin is a biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. It can react with imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester to get 6-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl-N,N-dimethyl-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diamine. This reaction needs reagent sodium methoxide and solvent methanol. The yield is 36%.