Samarium

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Samarium
• CAS No.: 7440-19-9
• Deprecated CAS: 110123-52-9,1232308-67-6,1232308-67-6
• Molecular Formula: Sm
• Molecular Weight: 150.36
• Hs Code.: 28053019
• European Community (EC) Number: 231-128-7
• UNII: 42OD65L39F
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID4064688
• Nikkaji Number: J277.946C,J95.315F,J221.539J
• Wikipedia: Samarium
• Wikidata: Q1819
• Mol file: 7440-19-9.mol

Synonyms:Samarium

Chemical Property of Samarium

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: silvery grey powder
• Melting Point: 1074 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 1794 °C(lit.)
• PSA: 0.00000
• Density: 7.47 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• LogP: 0.00000
• Storage Temp.: water-free area
• Sensitive.: Air & Moisture Sensitive
• Water Solubility.: Insoluble in water.
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 151.91974
• Heavy Atom Count: 1
• Complexity: 0

Purity/Quality:

99.9% ^*data from raw suppliers

Samarium foil, 0.75mm (0.03in) thick, 99.9% (REO) ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): F,R
• Hazard Codes: F,R,Xn
• Statements: 11-15-33
• Safety Statements: 16-30-33

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Metals -> Rare Earth Metals
• Canonical SMILES: [Sm]
• Recent ClinicalTrials: Effect of Samarium on the Relief of Pain Due to Vertebral Metastases
• Uses: Samarium occurs as silver-coloured solid/foils or grey powder and is an odourless, flammable, and water-reactive solid. All forms of samarium are known to react with dilute acids emitting flammable/explosive hydrogen gas. Samarium on contact with water reacts and liberates extremely flammable gases. Samarium is incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidising agents, and halogens. The major commercial application of samarium is in samarium–cobalt magnets. These magnets possess permanent magnetisation property. Samarium compounds have been shown to withstand significantly higher temperatures, above 700°C, without losing their magnetic properties. The radioactive isotope samarium-153 is the major component of the drug samarium 153Sm lexidronam (Quadramet). These are used in the treatment of cancers of lung, prostate, and breast and osteosarcoma. Samarium is also used in the catalysis of chemical reactions, radioactive dating, and in x-ray laser. Samarium is used as a catalyst in certain organic reactions: Samarium iodide (SmI2) is used by organic research chemists to make synthetic versions of natural products. Samarium occurs with concentration up to 2.8% in several minerals including cerite, gadolinite, samarskite, monazite, and bastn?site, the last two being the most common commercial sources of the element. These minerals are mostly found in China, the United States, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, and Australia; China is by far the world leader in samarium mining and production. Radioactive isotope samarium-153 is the major component of the drug samarium (153Sm) lexidronam (Quadramet), which kills cancer cells in the treatment of lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and osteosarcoma. The isotope, samarium-149, is a strong neutron absorber and is therefore added to the control rods of nuclear reactors. Samaria oxide is used for making special infrared-adsorbing glass and cores of carbon arc-lamp oxide electrodes and as a catalyst for the dehydration and dehydrogenation of ethanol. Its compound with cobalt (SmCo5) is used in making a new permanent magnet material. Samarium has no biological role, but it has been noted to stimulate metabolism. Soluble samarium salts are mildly toxic by ingestion, and there are health hazards associated with these because exposure to samarium causes skin and eye irritation. One of the most important applications of samarium is in samarium–cobalt magnets, which have a nominal composition of SmCo5 or Sm2Co17. They have high permanent magnetisation, which is about 10,000 times that of iron and is second only to that of neodymium magnets. Samarium is easy to magnetize, but very difficult to demagnetize. This makes it ideal forthe manufacture of permanent magnets (SmCo5) that are part of the hard disks for computers.Samarium is also used as a neutron absorber in nuclear reactors, as well as for lasers andmetallurgical research. It makes up about 1% of the metals in misch metal, an alloy in cigarettelighter flints. It is also one of several rare-earths used in floodlights and carbon-arc lights usedby the motion picture industry. Samarium is used as a catalyst in several industries, includingthe dehydrogenation of ethanol alcohol. Arylsulfonyl chlorides and arylsulfinates are reduced by a combination of samarium and titanium(IV) chloride to make diaryl disulfides. It is a neutron absorber, dopant for laser crystals.
• Physical properties: Samarium is a hard, brittle, silver-white metal. When freshly cut, it does not tarnish significantlyunder normal room temperature conditions. Four of its isotopes are radioactive andemit alpha particles (helium nuclei). They are Sm-146, Sm-147, Sm-148, and Sm-149.Its melting point is 1,074°C, its boiling point is 1,794°C, and its density is 7.52g.cm3.

Technology Process of Samarium

There total 25 articles about Samarium which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 91.0%

samarium(III) oxide → samarium (7440-19-9)

Guidance literature:

With zirconium; In neat (no solvent); reduction by heating the pressesd mixture (99.05 Sm2O3, purity of reducing reagent >99.5%) to 1100-1200°C at maximal 2E-4 Torr, distn. of Sm, Mo-vessel;;;

Reference yield: 90.0%

samarium(III) oxide + cerium (7440-45-1) → cerium(III) oxide + samarium (7440-19-9)

Guidance literature:

vapor pressure of Sm between 1217 and 1473°K given as equation; optimal conditions: 1200°C, 1E-3 Torr;

Reference yield: 41.0%

samarium(III) nitrate → samarium (7440-19-9)

Guidance literature:

In ethylenediamine; Electrolysis; 150V, 4.4mA/cm**2, 0.37g nitrate in ethylene diamine;;

upstream raw materials:

lanthanum

samarium diiodide

oxygen

sodium

Downstream raw materials:

samarium diiodide

cyclododecanol

cyclododecanone

terephthalic acid

Refernces

Highly Stereo- and Regiocontrolled Cyclopentannulation via Allylphosphonate Conjugate Addition and Hydroboration-Oxidation-Elimination. Synthesis of Pentalenic Acid with Virtually Complete Stereo- and Regiocontrol

10.1021/ja00019a051

The research involves the synthesis and study of a lanthanide complex, specifically (CsMeS)Sm (2), which features pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligands. The study explores the structural characteristics of this complex, noting its unique orientation and flexibility of the ligands, as well as the implications for the potential existence of other (C5Me5)3M complexes involving larger metals. The research also delves into the reactivity of pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-Sm2+ complexes and their potential for interesting chemical reactions. Key chemicals involved in this study include pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligands, samarium (Sm), and various reagents used in the synthesis and analysis of the complex, such as borane (BH3-THF) for hydroboration, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for oxidation, and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) for further chemical transformations.

Synthesis and crystal structures of the samarium complexes [SmI₂(DME)₃] and [Sm₂I(NPPh₃)₅(DME)]

10.1002/(SICI)1521-3749(199911)625:11<1897::AID-ZAAC1897>3.0.CO;2-9

The study investigates the synthesis and crystal structures of two samarium complexes, [SmI2(DME)3] (1) and [Sm2I(NPPh3)5(DME)] (2), formed by reacting samarium metal with N-iodine-triphenylphosphaneimine in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) under ultrasound treatment. Complex 1 is obtained as two different crystallographic forms, brownish-black crystals (1a) and violet-black crystals (1b), while complex 2 forms colorless, moisture-sensitive crystals containing two DME molecules per formula unit. The crystal structures reveal that in 1a and 1b, the samarium atoms have a coordination number of eight, with different I-Sm-I bond angles distinguishing the two forms. In complex 2, the two samarium atoms are linked via μ-N atoms of two phosphoraneiminato ligands to form a planar Sm2N2 four-membered ring, with one samarium atom achieving a distorted tetrahedral environment and the other a distorted octahedral environment through coordination with various ligands.

Catalytic activity of allyl-, azaallyl- and diaza-pentadienyllanthanide complexes for polymerization of methyl methacrylate

10.1016/S0022-328X(98)00977-2

The research focuses on the synthesis and evaluation of various allylic, aza-allylic, and diazapentadienyllanthanide complexes for their catalytic activity in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of these non-metallocene type lanthanide complexes as initiators for the polymerization process, aiming to achieve high molecular weight and isotactic polymers. The researchers synthesized a range of compounds, including divalent samarium and ytterbium complexes with different ligands such as bis(2-pyridylphenylmethyl)dimethylsilane. The study concluded that certain complexes, particularly those with aza-allyl ligands, exhibited high catalytic activity, yielding high molecular weight isotactic polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions.