10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.007
The study focuses on the synthesis of 3H-1,3-benzazaphospholes, a class of potential organophosphorus ligands, from C-phosphorylated P(III) arylformamidines. The researchers investigated the influence of various electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents on the cyclization reaction rate, as well as the impact of steric effects at the phosphorus atom. They proposed a plausible mechanism for the cyclization based on DFT calculations and experimental evidence. The study utilized a range of arylformamidines with different substituents, such as dimethylamino, methoxy, and trifluoromethyl groups, to explore their effects on the cyclization process. The purpose of these chemicals was to modify the reactivity and stability of the intermediates and products in the synthesis of benzazaphospholes, providing insights into the structure-activity relationships in these reactions. The study also explored the impact of adding ammonium salts on the cyclization rate, suggesting different catalytic effects for various anions.