10.1039/c7ob02828h
The study was guided by X-ray structural biology data of HIV-1 RT/NNRTIs complexes and molecular modeling, leading to the design and synthesis of a new series of DAPYs. The purpose was to further investigate the chemical space of the less explored "hydrophobic channel" and to develop NNRTIs with improved resistance profiles. The conclusions drawn from the research indicate that most of the synthesized DAPYs were active against HIV-1 wild-type with low nanomolar EC50 values and displayed reduced cytotoxicity compared to existing drugs like etravirine and rilpivirine. Notably, compounds Z10 and Z13 showed equivalent potency against HIV-1 wild-type as reference drugs efavirenz and etravirine.
10.1016/j.tet.2009.04.048
The research describes a novel method for synthesizing pentoses, which are five-carbon sugars with significant applications in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, particularly as building blocks for nucleoside analogues in antiviral and antitumoral therapies. The study's purpose is to develop an efficient de novo synthesis route for pentoses, starting from (Z)-2-buten-1,4-diol and using cyanohydrins as key intermediates. The key steps involve an enzyme-catalyzed enantioselective HCN addition to O-protected 4-hydroxybut-2-enal using hydroxynitrile lyase from Hevea brasiliensis, followed by an asymmetric dihydroxylation. The researchers investigated the influence of the double bond configuration and protecting groups on the reaction's conversion and selectivity. The study concludes that the configuration of the double bond and the protecting group significantly impact the reaction's efficiency and selectivity. Only the allyl-protected compound was found to be sufficiently selective for the synthesis of pentoses. The dihydroxylation step was also influenced by the protecting group at position 4, yielding different ratios of D-arabinose and L-ribose. Key chemicals used in the research include (Z)-2-buten-1,4-diol, various protecting groups such as allyl, benzyl, methoxymethyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, and t-butyldiphenylsilyl, hydrocyanic acid (HCN), and the enzyme hydroxynitrile lyase. The findings provide valuable insights into the synthesis of pentoses and highlight the importance of protecting group selection in achieving high enantiomeric purity and desired product ratios.