Nitrous Oxide

Base Information Edit

Chemical Name:Nitrous Oxide
CAS No.:10024-97-2
Deprecated CAS:126386-65-0,129451-49-6,130835-71-1,147527-07-9,175876-44-5,794457-85-5,847968-13-2,850203-00-8,1818889-29-0,129451-49-6,130835-71-1,147527-07-9,175876-44-5,794457-85-5,847968-13-2,850203-00-8
Molecular Formula:N2O
Molecular Weight:44.0134
Hs Code.:
European Community (EC) Number:233-032-0
ICSC Number:0067
UN Number:1070,2201
UNII:K50XQU1029
DSSTox Substance ID:DTXSID8021066
Nikkaji Number:J2.255.097G
Wikipedia:Nitrous oxide
Wikidata:Q905750
NCI Thesaurus Code:C73617
RXCUI:7486
ChEMBL ID:CHEMBL1234579
Mol file:10024-97-2.mol

Synonyms:Gas, Laughing;Laughing Gas;Nitrogen Protoxide;Nitrous Oxide;Oxide, Nitrous

This product is a nationally controlled contraband, and the Lookchem platform doesn't provide relevant sales information.

Chemical Property of Nitrous Oxide Edit

Chemical Property:

Appearance/Colour:Colourless gas with sweetish odour
Vapor Pressure:51.7 mm Hg ( 21 °C)
Melting Point:-91 °C(lit.)
Refractive Index:1.380
Boiling Point:-88 °C(lit.)
PKA:-16.68±0.53(Predicted)
PSA：54.46000
Density:1.469 g/cm³
LogP:0.06366
Solubility.:At 20 °C and at a pressure of 101 kPa, 1 volume dissolves in about 1.5 volumes of water.
Water Solubility.:670,000 mg l-1
XLogP3:0.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:2
Rotatable Bond Count:0
Exact Mass:44.001062628
Heavy Atom Count:3
Complexity:25.8
Transport DOT Label:Non-Flammable Gas Oxidizer

Purity/Quality:

Safty Information:

Pictogram(s): O
Hazard Codes:O
Statements: 8
Safety Statements: 38

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

Chemical Classes:Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Other Toxic Gases & Vapors
Canonical SMILES:[N-]=[N+]=O
Recent ClinicalTrials:Nitrous Oxide for the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Recent EU Clinical Trials:Effects of recreational nitrous oxide use on psychomotor functioning related to driving performance
Recent NIPH Clinical Trials:Efficacy of intraoperative Nitrous Oxide use on postoperative pain in patients with cervical spinal cord injury
Inhalation Risk:A harmful concentration of this gas in the air will be reached very quickly on loss of containment.
Effects of Short Term Exposure:The liquid may cause frostbite. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. This may result in lowering of consciousness.
Effects of Long Term Exposure:The substance may have effects on the bone marrow and nervous system. May cause reproductive toxicity in humans.
Description dinitrogen monoxide’s (N2O) common name is nitrous oxide.Nitrous oxide is a colorless, nonfl ammable, nontoxic gas with a slightly sweet odor and taste. Nitrous oxide is produced by the thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate at approximately 240°C: NH4NO3(g) → N2O(g) + 2H2O(g).Nitrous oxide is an important greenhouse gas. Its atmospheric residence time is 120 years. A molecule of N2O has 310 times the potential for absorbing heat compared to a molecule of CO2. Nitrous oxide is stable and unreactive on the earth’s surface, but it can be transported to the stratosphere where it absorbs energy and is converted into reactive forms of nitrogen such as nitric oxide and the nitrate radical contributing to ozone destruction.
Physical properties Colorless gas with faint sweet odor and taste; heavier than air, density in air 1.53 (air=1); gas density 1.977 g/L at 0°C; noncombustible gas; supports combustion; liquefies to a colorless liquid at -88.5°C; liquid density 1.226 g/mL at -89°C; freezes to a cubic crystalline solid at -90.8°C; dipole moment 0.166 ; critical temperature 36.5°C; critical pressure 71.7 atm; solubility in water: 130 mL gas dissolves in 100mL water at 0°C and 56.7 mL in 100 mL water at 25°C; soluble in alcohol, ether and sulfuric acid.
Uses Nitrous oxide is called laughing gas and has been used as a recreational inhalant, anesthetic, oxidizer, and propellant. Nitrous oxide is widely used as an anesthetic in dental surgery, which accounts for approximately 90% of its use. It is used by the dairy industry as a foaming agent for canned whipping creams. The gas is used as an anesthetic, especially in dentistry and minor surgery. It produces mild hysteria and laughter preceding the anesthetic effect, for which reason it also is called “laughing gas.” It is used as an aerosol propellant, an aerating agent for whipped cream, and an oxidizing agent at high temperatures. Nitrous oxide also is used in the preparation of nitrites and as a flame gas in flame atomic absorption spectrometry of metals. Nitrous oxide is used in the productionof nitrites, in rocket fuel, as an inhalationanesthesia and analgesic agent. Nitrous Oxide is a noncombustible gas used as a propellant in certain dairy and vegetable fat whipped toppings contained in pressurized containers. Nitrous oxide was discovered by Priestley. It is found in the atmosphere in trace concentrations. The gas is used as an anesthetic, especially in dentistry and minor surgery. It produces mild hysteria and laughter preceding the anesthetic effect, for which reason it also is called “laughing gas.” It is used as an aerosol propellant, an aerating agent for whipped cream, and an oxidizing agent at high temperatures. Nitrous oxide also is used in the preparation of nitrites and as a flame gas in flame atomic absorption spectrometry of metals. Nitrous oxide is still commonly used in combination with a volatile agent to maintain anaesthesia. However, there is growing concern regarding its toxic effects and cost. Consequently, medical air in combination with oxygen is now being used increasingly during anaesthesia.
Biological Functions N2O (commonly called laughing gas) produces its anesthetic effect without decreasing blood pressure or cardiac output. Although it directly depresses the myocardium, cardiac depression is offset by an N2O– mediated sympathetic stimulation. Likewise, respiration is maintained.Tidal volume falls, but minute ventilation is supported by a centrally mediated increase in respiratory rate. However, since the respiratory depressant effect of N2O are synergistic with drugs such as the opioids opioids and benzodiazepines, N2O should not be considered benign. Deep levels of anesthesia are unattainable, even when using the highest practical concentrations of N2O (N2O 60–80% with oxygen 40–20%). Although unconsciousness occurs at these inspired levels, patients exhibit signs of CNS excitation, such as physical struggling and vomiting. If the airway is unprotected, vomiting may lead to aspiration pneumonitis, since the protective reflexes of the airway are depressed. On the other hand, lower inspired concentrations (25–40%) of N2O produce CNS depression without excitatory phenomena and are more safely used clinically. CNS properties of low inspired tension of N2O include periods of waxing and waning consciousness, amnesia, and extraordinarily effective analgesia. N2O 25% produces the gas’s maximum analgesic effect.With this concentration, responses to painful surgical manipulations are blocked as effectively as they would be with a therapeutic dose of morphine. Such low inspired concentrations of N2O are used in dentistry and occasionally for selected painful surgical procedures (i.e., to relieve the pain of labor). Since the tissue solubility of N2O is low, the CNS effects are rapid in onset, and recovery is prompt when the patient is returned to room air or oxygen. The most common use of N2O is in combination with the more potent volatile anesthetics. It decreases the dosage requirement for the other anesthetics, thus lowering their cardiovascular and respiratory toxicities. For example, an appropriate anesthetic maintenance tension for N2O and halothane would be N2O 40% and halothane 0.5%.With this combination in a healthy patient, anesthesia is adequate for major surgery, and the dose-dependent cardiac effects of halothane are reduced.
Clinical Use The low potency of nitrous oxide (MAC＝ 104%) precludes it from being used alone for surgical anesthesia.To use it as the sole anesthetic agent the patient wouldhave to breathe in pure N2Oto the exclusion of oxygen. Thissituation would obviously cause hypoxia and potentially leadto death. Nitrous oxide can inactivate methionine synthase, aB12-dependent enzyme necessary for the synthesis of DNAand therefore should be used with caution in pregnant andB12-deficient patients. Nitrous oxide is also soluble in closedgas containing body spaces and can cause these spaces toenlarge when administered possibly leading to adverse occurrences(occluded middle ear, bowel distension, pneumothorax).Nitrous oxide is a popular anesthetic in dentistrywere it is commonly referred to as “laughing gas.” It is usedin combination with more potent anesthetics for surgicalanesthesia and remains a drug of recreational abuse.Nitrous oxide undergoes little or no metabolism.

Technology Process of Nitrous Oxide

There total 1028 articles about Nitrous Oxide which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: