Carbon Dioxide

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Carbon Dioxide
• CAS No.: 124-38-9
• Deprecated CAS: 18923-20-1,957761-35-2,1053656-66-8,1053659-60-1,1202865-27-7,1173022-42-8,1053656-66-8,1053659-60-1,957761-35-2
• Molecular Formula: CO2
• Molecular Weight: 44.0098
• Hs Code.: 28112100
• European Community (EC) Number: 204-696-9,606-167-1
• ICSC Number: 0021
• UN Number: 1013,2187,1845
• UNII: 142M471B3J
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID4027028
• Nikkaji Number: J43.600C
• Wikipedia: Carbon dioxide
• Wikidata: Q1997
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C65288
• RXCUI: 2034
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL1231871
• Mol file: 124-38-9.mol

Synonyms:Anhydride, Carbonic;Carbon Dioxide;Carbonic Anhydride;Dioxide, Carbon

Chemical Property of Carbon Dioxide

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: colourless odourless gas
• Vapor Pressure: 56.5 atm ( 20 °C)
• Melting Point: -78.5 °C(lit.)
• Refractive Index: 1.478
• Boiling Point: 326.9°C at 760 mmHg
• Flash Point: 160.2°C
• PSA: 34.14000
• Density: 0.984 g/cm³
• LogP: -0.58350
• Storage Temp.: −70°C
• Solubility.: At 20 °C and at a pressure of 101 kPa, 1 volume dissolves in about 1 volume of water.
• Water Solubility.: mL CO2/100mL H2O at 760mm: 171 (0°C), 88 (20°C), 36 (60°C) [MER06]
• XLogP3: 0.9
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 43.989829239
• Heavy Atom Count: 3
• Complexity: 18.3
• Transport DOT Label: Non-Flammable Gas,Class 9

Purity/Quality:

99% ^*data from raw suppliers

Carbon-12C dioxide 13C-depleted ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Safety Statements: 9

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Simple Asphyxiants
• Canonical SMILES: C(=O)=O
• Recent ClinicalTrials: Oxygen Toxicity: Mechanisms in Humans
• Recent EU Clinical Trials: Carbon Dioxide Insufflation and Brain Protection During Open Heart Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial
• Recent NIPH Clinical Trials: An analysis of the function of lower gastrointestinal tract using Endoscopic pressure study integrated system (EPSIS)
• Inhalation Risk: On loss of containment this substance can cause serious risk of suffocation when in confined areas.
• Effects of Short Term Exposure: Rapid evaporation of the liquid may cause frostbite. Inhalation of high levels may cause unconsciousness. Asphyxiation.
• Effects of Long Term Exposure: The substance may have effects on the metabolism.
• Uses: Solid carbon dioxide is used quite extensively to refrigerate dairy products, meat products, frozen foods, and other perishable foods while in transit. It is also used as a cooling agent in many industrial processes, such as grinding heat-sensitive materials, rubber tumbling, cold-treating metals, shrink fitting of machinery parts, vacuum cold traps, and so on. Gaseous carbon dioxide is used to carbonate soft drinks, for pH control in water treatment, in chemical processing, as a food preservative, as an inert blanket in chemical and food processing and metal welding, as a growth stimulant for plant life, for hardening molds and cores in foundries, and in pneumatic devices. Liquid carbon dioxide is used as an expendable refrigerant for freezing and chilling food products; for low-temperature testing of aviation, missile, and electronic components; for stimulation of oil and gas wells; for rubber tumbling; and for controlling chemical reactions. Liquid carbon dioxide is also used as a fire extinguishing agent in portable and built-in fire extinguishing systems. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the 18th most frequently produced chemical in the United States. It has numerous uses, including in refrigeration, in the manufacture of carbonated drinks (e.g., soda pop), in fire extinguishers, in providing an inert atmosphere (unreactive environment), and as a moderator for some types of nuclear reactors. Carbon Dioxide is a gas obtained during fermentation of glucose (grain sugar) to ethyl alcohol. it is used in pressure-packed foods as a propellant or aerating agent and is also used in the carbonation of beverages. it is released as a result of the acid carbonate reaction of leavening agents in baked goods to produce an increase in volume. as a solid, it is termed dry ice and is used for freezing and chilling. Carbon dioxide has several major uses： Solid carbon dioxide, dry ice, is used as a refrigerant. Another major use of carbon dioxide is in the soda industry. Soda is sodium carbonate monohydrate (Na2CO3? H2O). Other forms of soda include washing soda, which is sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2CO3? 10H2O), and baking soda, which is sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).Carbon dioxide is used as a gas in fire extinguishers, as an inflation gas for flotation devices, and as a propellant (for example in air guns). In recent years, the use of carbon dioxide as a supercritical fluid in green chemistry applications has increased. A supercritical fluid is a fluid with a temperature and pressure above its critical point. In the carbonation of beverages; manufacture of carbonates; in fire prevention and extinction; for inerting flammable materials during manufacture, handling and transfer; as propellant in aerosols; as dry ice for refrigeration; to produce harmless smoke or fumes on stage; as rice fumigant; as antiseptic in bacteriology and in the frozen food industry. Supercritical or liquid CO2 used in extraction of caffeine and hops aroma; dry cleaning; metal degreasing; cleaning semiconductor chips; paint spraying; polymer modification. Environmentally benign alternative to potentially hazardous solvents in organic and polymer chemistry.
• Description: Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas present throughout the atmosphere and is an essential compound for life on Earth. It is found on other planets in the solar system. Mars’s icecaps are primarily frozen carbon dioxide and Venus’s atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide.
• Physical properties: Colorless, odorless and tasteless gas; 1.53 times heavier than air; density 1.80 g/L at 25°C; can be liquefied under pressure; liquefies at -56.6°C at 5.2 atm; density of liquid CO2 at 0°C and 34 atm 0.914 g/mL; solidifies to white snow-like flakes known as dry ice, density 1.56 g/cm3 at -79°C; dry ice sub limes to CO2 gas at -78.5°C; critical temperature 31°C; critical pressure 72.79 atm, critical density 94 cm3/mol; moderately soluble in water, solubility 173 mL and 88mL CO2/100 mL water at 0°C and 20°C, respectively; solubility increases with pressure.

Technology Process of Carbon Dioxide

There total 6077 articles about Carbon Dioxide which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 60.0%

phenylacetonitrile (140-29-4) + carbonic acid dimethyl ester (616-38-6) → carbon dioxide (124-38-9,18923-20-1) + 1-phenylethyl cyanide (1823-91-2)

Guidance literature:

NaY faujasite; at 259.9 ℃; under 235.5 Torr; var. temperature and pressure, other alkali-ion exchanged faujasites; effect of reaction conditions on the yield of product;

DOI:10.1006/jcat.1994.1019

Reference yield: 34.5%

ethylbenzene (100-41-4,27536-89-6) → styrene (100-42-5,25038-60-2,25247-68-1,28213-80-1,28325-75-9,79637-11-9,9003-53-6) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9,18923-20-1) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2)

Guidance literature:

With oxygen; 0.7percentK₂O-15percentMoO₃/SiO₂-TiO₂; at 450 - 495 ℃; Product distribution / selectivity;

Reference yield:

tetrachloromethane (56-23-5) + bis(4-methoxybenzoyl) peroxide (849-83-2) → hexachloroethane (67-72-1) + 4-chloromethoxybenzene (623-12-1) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9,18923-20-1) + p-chlorophenoxymethyl chloride (21151-56-4) + 4-methoxybenzoic acid (100-09-4)

Guidance literature:

for 14.7h; Quantum yield; Mechanism; Ambient temperature; Irradiation;

DOI:10.1021/ja00194a039

upstream raw materials:

1,1-dimethylsilacyclobutane

1,3-dioxane

1,2,4-trioxolane

1,3,5-Trioxan

Downstream raw materials:

5-ketohexanoic acid

2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)acetic acid

C₁₈H₂₃NO₂Si

Ethyl-carbamic acid 2-hydroxy-1-phenyl-ethyl ester

Refernces

• 1、 Anderson, Nickolas H.,Boncella, James M.,Tondreau, Aaron M.. "Reactivity of Silanes with (tBuPONOP)Ruthenium Dichloride: Facile Synthesis of Chloro-Silyl Ruthenium Compounds and Formic Acid Decomposition". . p. 13617 - 13622. Retrieved 2017.
• 2、 Wei,Luo. "Study on the kinetics of thermal decomposition of CaCO3". . p. 303 - 310. Retrieved 1995.
• 3、 Yun, Limin,Yang, Zhanxu,Yu, Zong-Bao,Cai, Tianfeng,Li, Yue,Guo, Changyou,Qi, Chengyuan,Ren, Tieqiang. "Synthesis of four-angle star-like CoAl-MMO/BiVO4 p-n heterojunction and its application in photocatalytic desulfurization". . p. 25455 - 25460. Retrieved 2017.
• 4、 Cui, Weiyi,Yuan, Xiaoling,Wu, Ping,Zheng, Bin,Zhang, Wenxiang,Jia, Mingjun. "Catalytic properties of γ-Al2O3 supported Pt-FeOx catalysts for complete oxidation of formaldehyde at ambient temperature". . p. 104330 - 104336. Retrieved 2015.
• 5、 Arenz, Matthias,Mayrhofer, Karl J. J.,Stamenkovic, Vojislav,Blizanac, Berislav B.,Tomoyuki, Tada,Ross, Phil N.,Markovic, Nenad M.. "The effect of the particle size on the kinetics of CO electrooxidation on high surface area Pt catalysts". . p. 6819 - 6829. Retrieved 2005.
• 6、 Wang, Yue,Liu, Yan-Jun,Li, Shao-Yang,Ye, Mao,Shao, Yin-Hua,Wang, Rong,Guo, Li-Feng,Zhao, Cui-E,Wei, Ang. "Low temperature synthesis of tungsten trioxide/bismuth tungstate heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity". . p. 5520 - 5524. Retrieved 2017.
• 7、 Gan, Yanling,Huang, Haibao,Ji, Jian,Li, Kai. "Regulation of mixed Ag valence state by non-thermal plasma for complete oxidation of formaldehyde". . . Retrieved 2021.
• 8、 Wu, Xiaoyong,Wang, Xiaoyang,Li, Jun,Zhang, Gaoke. "Boosting molecular oxygen activation of SrTiO3 by engineering exposed facets for highly efficient photocatalytic oxidation". . p. 23822 - 23830. Retrieved 2017.
• 9、 Kokumai, Tathiana M.,Cantane, Daniel A.,Melo, Guilherme T.,Paulucci, Luigi B.,Zanchet, Daniela. "VOx-Pt/Al2O3 catalysts for hydrogen production". . p. 249 - 257. Retrieved 2017.
• 10、 Landon, Philip,Ferguson, Jonathan,Solsona, Benjamin E.,Garcia, Tomas,Carley, Albert F.,Herzing, Andrew A.,Kiely, Christopher J.,Golunski, Stanislaw E.,Hutchings, Graham J.. "Selective oxidation of CO in the presence of H2, H2O and CO2 via gold for use in fuel cells". . p. 3385 - 3387. Retrieved 2005.