10.3390/molecules22010071
The research focuses on the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new 8-nitrofluoroquinolone derivatives against metronidazole-resistant Helicobacter pylori strains. The study aimed to find alternative treatments due to the rise in antibiotic resistance among H. pylori clinical strains. The experiments involved the synthesis of new compounds through reactions of substituted anilines with a precursor compound under reflux conditions, followed by hydrolysis to generate nitro acid targets. These compounds were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectrometry (MS), and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopic analyses. The antimicrobial activities were assessed using standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods, checkerboard titration assay for synergistic effects, and urease inhibition assays. The study found that all tested compounds showed interesting antimicrobial activity against 12 clinical strains of H. pylori, with compound 3c demonstrating the best in vitro effect. Some compounds also showed synergistic and additive activities when combined with metronidazole, and compound 3b exhibited significant urease inhibition activity.
10.1007/s00044-011-9689-y
The research focuses on the synthesis and evaluation of new compounds derived from metronidazole and amino acids and their esters as potential antiparasitic agents. The synthesis involved a reaction between 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetic acid and various amino acid esters in the presence of N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and triethylamine (TEA), followed by hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide and acidification with hydrochloric acid to obtain the corresponding acids. The synthesized compounds were characterized using elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectrometry. The biological activity of these compounds was assessed through in vitro antiamoebic and antigiardial activity assays, as well as cytotoxicity tests on Hep-2 and Vero cell lines, with metronidazole serving as a standard drug for comparison. The study aimed to identify new derivatives with enhanced antiparasitic activity and lower cytotoxicity, which could contribute to overcoming drug resistance in pathogens.
10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.031
The research focuses on the synthesis and evaluation of a series of 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl aryl carboxylate derivatives for their potential as β-glucuronidase inhibitors. The study employs biology-oriented drug synthesis (BIODS) to create these derivatives by reacting metronidazole with various aryl and heteroaryl carboxylic acids using 1,1'-carbonyl diimidazole (CDI) as a coupling agent. The synthesized compounds were characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as EI-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR, and their β-glucuronidase inhibitory activities were assessed in vitro. The results showed that most of the derivatives exhibited good inhibitory activity, with some demonstrating superior potency to the standard D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone. The study also includes in silico docking studies to explore the structure-activity relationship, revealing that compounds with electron-withdrawing groups like NO2, F, Cl, and Br generally showed better activity than those with electron-donating groups. Key chemicals involved in the research include metronidazole, various aryl and heteroaryl carboxylic acids, CDI, and the enzyme β-glucuronidase, along with the substrate p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucuronide used in docking studies.
Xn, 
T
