10.1016/j.tet.2015.10.002
The study presents a facile and general method for synthesizing 2,5,7-trisubstituted indoles, which are significant in pharmaceuticals and natural compounds due to their biological activity. The researchers utilized a one-pot Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction followed by a palladium-catalyzed cyclization to construct the indole rings from readily available 2-bromo-6-iodo-4-substituted and 2-bromo-4-chloro-6-iodoanilines. Further functionalization at the C7 and C5 positions was achieved through alkynylations, Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings, and Buchwald-Hartwig C-N bond forming reactions. The methodology offers high yields, simplicity, and versatility, making it valuable for the synthesis of biologically active compounds. The study also includes one-pot protocols for the synthesis of these complex indole derivatives, enhancing the efficiency of the process.
10.1080/15421400490478920
The research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of high-performance siloxane-containing polymers. The study employs catalytic cross-dehydrocoupling polymerization of silane and water, and deaminative polymerization between silanol and aminosilane to create silicon-containing polymers with a controlled structure. Key reactants include 1,4-bis(hydroxydimethylsilyl)benzene (BHSB), difunctional silane or siloxane, and n-hexylamine-2-ethylhexoate, which acts as a catalyst for silanol condensation. The research also investigates the use of Pd2(dba)3 as a catalyst and the synthesis of optically active siloxane materials from specific optically active building blocks. Various analyses are used throughout the experiments, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), vapor pressure osmometry (VPO), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and polarimetry for the determination of molecular weights, chemical structures, thermal properties, and optical activities of the synthesized polymers.
10.1021/ic701144y
The research focuses on the selective cyclopalladation of iminophosphoranes, specifically R3PdNCH2Aryl compounds, through experimental and computational studies. The reactants include various iminophosphoranes with different substituents at the phosphorus and aryl rings, such as 1a to 1g, which are palladated with Pd(OAc)2 or Pd2(dba)3. The experiments involve the palladation of these iminophosphoranes, leading to the formation of orthopalladated complexes, which are characterized as either endo or exo isomers based on the position of the palladium atom relative to the ligand. The analyses used to determine the structure and properties of the resulting complexes include IR and NMR spectroscopy, which provide insights into the bonding and geometry of the complexes. Computational studies using DFT methods were also employed to understand the reaction mechanisms and to explain the kinetic and thermodynamic preferences for endo versus exo palladation, as well as the influence of solvent and temperature on the reaction selectivity.
10.1021/ja206960k
The research focuses on the development of a Pd(0)-catalyzed, highly regio- and enantioselective fluorination method for the synthesis of branched allylic fluorides from linear allylic chlorides and bromides. This method overcomes previous synthetic limitations and introduces a chiral bisphosphine-ligated palladium catalyst, which enables the preparation of a class of branched allylic fluorides that can be further diversified into valuable fluorinated products. The study involves the use of various ligands, solvents, and reagents, such as Pd2(dba)3, AgF, and different bidentate phosphines, to optimize the reaction conditions. The experiments conducted include the evaluation of ligand bite angles, solvent effects, and the influence of substrate structure on the reaction's selectivity. Analytical techniques used to assess the outcomes include gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine yields, regioselectivity, and enantiomeric excess (ee) of the products. The optimized process demonstrates broad substrate scope, operational simplicity, and unprecedented functional group tolerance, leading to the synthesis of a wide range of synthetically valuable fluorinated products.
10.1246/cl.2007.606
The research discusses a novel cross-coupling reaction involving allylic and benzylic carbonates with organo[2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]dimethylsilanes, facilitated by a palladium catalyst without the need for any activator. The purpose of this study was to develop a more stable and non-toxic alternative to conventional cross-coupling reactions for synthesizing 1,4-diene and diarylmethane products, which are common in natural products and pharmaceuticals. The researchers found that a variety of functional groups were tolerated, leading to a diverse range of products with high chemoselectivity. Key chemicals used in the process include organo[2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]dimethylsilanes (1), allylic and benzylic carbonates (2 and 5), Pd2(dba)3 as the palladium catalyst, and (2-thienyl)3P as a ligand.