Multi-step reaction with 7 steps
1: 92.2 percent / p-toluenesulfonic acid / dimethylformamide / 24 h / Ambient temperature
2: 98.5 percent / barium oxide, barium hydroxide octahydrate / dimethylformamide / 12 h / Ambient temperature
3: 97.2 percent / pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate / methanol / 0.17 h / Heating
4: 1) dibutyltin oxide, 2) tetrabutylammonium iodide / 1) benzene, 3 h, reflux, 2) 45-50 deg C, 6 h
5: 64.7 percent / 4 Angstroem molecular sieves / mercury(II) cyanide / nitromethane; toluene / 4 h / Ambient temperature
6: 83.8 percent / 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone / CH2Cl2; H2O / 3 h / Ambient temperature
7: mercury(II) cyanide / nitromethane; toluene
With
barium hydroxide octahydrate; 4 A molecular sieve; mercury(II) cyanide; pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate; tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide; di(n-butyl)tin oxide; toluene-4-sulfonic acid; 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone; barium(II) oxide;
mercury(II) cyanide;
In
methanol; nitromethane; dichloromethane; water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide; toluene;
DOI:10.1016/0008-6215(90)80134-O