Multi-step reaction with 8 steps
1: 95 percent / hydrogen / 10percent Pd/C / methanol; H2O; acetic acid / 6.5 h / 30 - 35 °C
2: acetyl chloride / 1,2-dichloro-ethane / 22 h / Ambient temperature
3: acetic acid / 1 h / Ambient temperature
4: 94 percent / ferric chloride / CH2Cl2 / 1.5 h / Ambient temperature
5: 86 percent / toluene-p-sulfonic acid monohydrate / CH2Cl2 / 30 h / 50 - 60 °C
6: 98 percent / pyridine / 4 h / Ambient temperature
7: 1.) 0.1 M potassium hydroxide, 2.) Amberlite IR-120 (H+) / 1.) 1,4-dioxane, 5 min., room temp.
8: 1.) N-hydroxysuccinimide, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 2.) triethylamine / 1.) 1,4-dioxane, 3 h., room temp., 2.) 1,4-dioxane, room temp., 20 h.
With
pyridine; potassium hydroxide; 1-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione; Amberlite IR-120 (H+); hydrogen; iron(III) chloride; toluene-4-sulfonic acid; triethylamine; acetyl chloride; dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide;
palladium on activated charcoal;
In
methanol; dichloromethane; water; acetic acid; 1,2-dichloro-ethane;
DOI:10.1016/S0008-6215(00)81038-1