In homogeneous catalysis, cobalt corroles are typically dissolved in a solution, and the oxidation state of the cobalt atom is determined by the ligands coordinated to it. Cobalt corroles used in homogeneous catalytic systems are often in the Co(III) oxidation state. The catalytic reduction of dioxygen in a homogeneous system typically involves the use of additional reductants (such as organic compounds) to facilitate the reduction of O2 to water. The cobalt corrole acts as a catalyst by facilitating the electron transfer from the reductant to O2. In this case, the cobalt atom usually remains in the Co(III) oxidation state, and the reduction of O2 is mediated by the transfer of electrons from the reductant to O2 through the cobalt center. The Co(III) cobalt corrole can serve as a redox mediator in this process, helping to lower the activation energy for O2 reduction.
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