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| CAS No.: | 7440-61-1 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Uranium |
| Molecular Structure: | |
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| Formula: | U |
| Molecular Weight: | 238.03 |
| Synonyms: | Uran;uranium-238;92U;Uranio; |
| EINECS: | 231-170-6 |
| Density: | 19.05 |
| Melting Point: | 1135℃ |
| Boiling Point: | 3818℃ |
| Solubility: | insoluble |
| Hazard Symbols: | (Powder) Dangerous fire risk, ignites spontaneously in air. Highly toxic, radioactive material, source of ionizing radiation. TLV: (including metal and all compounds, as uranium) 0.2 mg/m3; STEL 0.6 mg(U)/m3. |
| Risk Codes: | R20; R34; R53; R33; R26/28 |
| Safety: |
A highly toxic element on an acute basis. The permissible levels for soluble compounds are based on chemical toxicity, whereas the permissible body level for insoluble compounds is based on radiotoxicity. The high chemical toxicity of uranium and its salts is largely shown in kidney damage, which may not be reversible. Acute arterial lesions may occur after acute exposures. The most soluble uranium compounds are UF6, UO2(NO3)2, UO2Cl2, UO2F2, and uranyl acetates, sulfates, and carbonates. Some moderately soluble compounds are UF4, UO2, UO4, (NH4)2U2O7, UO3, and uranyl nitrates. The rapid passage of soluble uranium compounds through the body tends to allow relatively large amounts to be absorbed. Soluble uranium compounds may be absorbed through the skin. The least soluble compounds are high-fired UO2, U3O8, and uranium hydrides and carbides. The high toxicity effect of insoluble compounds is largely due to lung irradiation by inhaled particles. This material is transferred from the lungs of animals quite slowly. A very dangerous fire hazard in the form of a solid or dust when exposed to heat or flame. It can react violently with air, Cl2, F2, HNO3, NO, Se, S, water, NH3, BrF3, trichloroethylene, nitryl fluoride. During storage it may form a pyrophoric surface due to effects of air and moisture. Depleted uranium (the 238U by-product of the uranium enrichment process, with relatively low radioactivity) is used in armor-piercing shells, ship or aircraft ballast, and counterbalances. Uranium is also used in making colored ceramic glazes. |
| PSA: | 0.00000 |
| LogP: | 0.00000 |
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Chemistry
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IUPAC Name: Uranium
Molecular Formula: U
Molecular Weight: 238.03 g/mol
Canonical SMILES: [U]
InChI: InChI=1S/U
EINECS: 231-170-6
Product Categories: Inorganics; Heterocyclic Compounds; Heterocycles; Intermediates & Fine Chemicals; Isotope Labeled Compounds; Pharmaceuticals
Melting Point: 314-316 °C (dec.)
Boiling point: 4131 °C,
density of Uranium (CAS NO.7440-61-1): 1.01 g/mL at 25 °C
History
The discovery of uranium is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium hydroxide. Klaproth mistakenly assumed the yellow substance was the oxide of a yet-undiscovered element and heated it with charcoal to obtain a black powder, which he thought was the newly discovered metal itself (in fact, that powder was an oxide of uranium).
In 1841, Eugène-Melchior Péligot isolated the first sample of uranium metal by heating uranium tetrachloride with potassium.
In 1896, Antoine Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity by using uranium.
In 1934., a team led by Enrico Fermi observed that bombarding uranium with neutrons produces the emission of beta rays.
On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1.
On 20 December 1951, the Experimental Breeder Reactor I at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) near Arco, Idaho became the first nuclear reactor to create electricity.
The world's first commercial scale nuclear power station, Obninsk in the Soviet Union, began generation with its reactor AM-1 on 27 June 1954. Other early nuclear power plants were Calder Hall in England which began generation on 17 October 1956 and the Shippingport Atomic Power Station in Pennsylvania which began on 26 May 1958. Nuclear power was used for the first time for propulsion by a submarine, the USS Nautilus, in 1954.
Uses
Uranium (CAS NO.7440-61-1) is used as a colorant in uranium glass, producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography and used in photographic chemicals. Uranium metal is used for X-ray targets in the making of high-energy X-rays. The major application of Uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators.
Toxicity Data With Reference
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rat | LD50 | unreported | 750mg/kg (750mg/kg) | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 37(10), Pg. 27, 1972. |
Consensus Reports
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.
Safety Profile
Hazard Codes: 
T+
Risk Statements: 20-34-53-33-26/28
R20:Harmful by inhalation.
R34:Causes burns.
R53:May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
R33:Danger of cumulative effects.
R26/28:Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed.
Safety Statements: 26-36/37/39-45-61-20/21
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets.
S20:When using, do not eat or drink.
S21:When using do not smoke.
RIDADR: UN 3264 8/PG 3
WGK Germany: 3
HazardClass: 7
PackingGroup: Commercial
Standards and Recommendations
OSHA PEL: TWA Soluble Compounds: 0.05 mg(U)/m3; Insoluble Compounds 0.2 mg(U)/m3; STEL 0.6 mg(U)/m3
ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.2 mg(U)/m3; STEL 0.6 mg(U)/m3
DFG MAK: 0.25 mg/m3
DOT Classification: 7; Label: RADIOACTIVE, SPONT Combustible
Specification
Uranium (CAS NO.7440-61-1), its Synonyms are HSDB 2553 ; Uranium ; Uranium I ((238)U) ; Uranium, isotope of mass 238 ; Uranium, radioactive ; Uranium-238 . It is silver-gray radioactive metal.