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| CAS No.: | 7778-80-5 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Potassium sulfate(VI) |
| Molecular Structure: | |
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| Formula: | K2SO4 |
| Molecular Weight: | 174.26 |
| Synonyms: | Sulfuricacid dipotassium salt (8CI,9CI);Arcanum duplicatum;Dipotassium sulfate;Sulfuric acid potassiumsalt (1:2);Potassium sulfate (K2(SO4));Potassium sulfate (K2SO4);Potassium sulphate;Sal polychrestum;Sulfuric acid, dipotassium salt;Tartarusvitriolatus; |
| EINECS: | 231-915-5 |
| Density: | 2.332 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point: | 1069 °C, 1342 K, 1956 °F |
| Boiling Point: | 1689 °C, 1962 K, 3072 °F |
| Flash Point: | 1689°C |
| Solubility: | slightly soluble in glycerol, insoluble in acetone, alcohol, CS2 |
| Appearance: | White crystalline solid |
| Safety: | 22-24/25 |
| PSA: | 88.64000 |
| LogP: | -0.25720 |
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History
Potassium sulfate (CAS NO.7778-80-5) has been known since early in the 14th century, and it was studied by Glauber, Boyle and Tachenius. In the 17th century it was named arcanuni or sal duplicatum, as it was a combination of an acid salt with an alkaline salt. It was also known as vitriolic tartar.
Consensus Reports
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.
Specification
Potassium sulfate (trade name is SOP) is the inorganic compound which is a colorless or white, odorless, hard, bitter crystals, or white granules or powder. Potassium sulfate is essentially non-toxic. Upon application to moist soil, the product dissociates into its constituent ions, both of which are common in soil. According to the information contained in the packet provided, the product is manufactured from naturally occurring salts that are combined in an industrial process that essentially exchanges anions; the only byproduct of the process is MgCl2, another naturally occurring compound. Probability of environmental contamination would appear to be minimal.
Potassium (K+) and sulfate (SO4-) ions comprise a significant amount of the exchangeable soil solution ions. K+ is held on cation exchange sites, and is not leached in significant quantities except in very sandy soil. If leached, K+ has essentially no detrimental environmental impact. Of the possible accompanying anions in potassium fertilizers, SO4- is the least problematic in soils or the environment.
Properties: Potassium sulfate is a source of highly soluble potassium, and has the additional benefit of supplying sulfur. The aqueous solution is neutral. Its solubility is 1g dissolves in 8.3mL water, 4mL boiling water, 75 mL glycerol. In addition, its solubility in water is decreased by KCl or (NH4)2SO4. Potassium sulfate is insoluble in alcohol, most organic solvents. Moreover, it is stable under normal temperatures and pressures. If heated above decomposition temperatures (>700°C) toxic gases/vapors may be released (SOx, K2O).
Preparation: The substance should be listed as a synthetic on the National List and should be prohibited for use as a soil adjuvant in organic agriculture. Potassium sulfate is refined from naturally occurring mineral salt deposits or by chemical synthesis. Deposits are predominantly mined, while some are obtained through solar evaporation of natural brines from saline lake beds. Potassium chloride is the most abundant mineral found in deposits. Individual potassium salts and any impurities are separated through physical dissolution processes. Potassium sulfate can also be synthesised by reaction of potassium chloride with sulfuric acid according to the Leblanc process. Potassium sulfate is produced according to the following reaction:
2 KCl + H2SO4 → 2 HCl + K2SO4
Uses: Potassium sulfate is used in agricultural production systems where potassium is a limiting nutrient and also as a substitute for potassium chloride on chloride-sensitive crops. Potassium sulfate is commonly used as a specialty fertilizer on crops that are sensitive to soil chloride levels, such as potatoes, lettuce, tobacco, avocados, peaches, and legumes. Potassium sulfate is commonly used as a specialty fertilizer on crops that are sensitive to soil chloride levels, such as potatoes, lettuce, tobacco, avocados, peaches, and legumes. In addition, it is also used in cases where chloride buildup may be problematic. Worldwide, almost all technical grade potassium sulfate production (>99%) is used in agriculture. The remaining SOP is used in a wide range of industrial uses and for manufacturing potassium alum, potassium carbonate, and glass.
Descriptors Computed from Structure of Potassium sulfate:
(1)Canonical SMILES: [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[K+].[K+]
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/2K.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
(3)InChIKey: OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Toxicity of Potassium sulfate:
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| guinea pig | LDLo | subcutaneous | 3gm/kg (3000mg/kg) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1360, 1935. | |
| rat | LD50 | oral | 6600mg/kg (6600mg/kg) | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 50(7), Pg. 24, 1985. | |
| women | LDLo | oral | 750mg/kg (750mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA" | Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 21, |