135-98-8Relevant articles and documents
Roberts et al.
, p. 732 (1960)
Alkylation of benzene with ethylene on nickel-containing amorphous and crystalline aluminosilicates
Minachev,Isakov,Kalinin,Lapidus,Eidus
, p. 1255 - 1259 (1974)
1. The zeolite-containing catalysts ABFZ-3 and ABFZ-6 have a high activity in the alkylation of benzene with ethylene. 2. Amorphous and crystalline aluminosilicates that contain Ni (as Ni2+ and NiO) are polyfunctional catalysts for the alkylation of benzene with ethylene, and can direct the reaction toward the formation of predominantly sec-butylbenzene and ethylbenzene, or sec-butylbenzene and butenes.
Cram
, p. 5518 (1952)
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Kennedy et al.
, p. 6386,6387,6388,6390 (1973)
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Stereochemistry of Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene with Optically Active 2-Chlorobutane
Suga, Sohei,Segi, Masahito,Kitano, Kiyoyuki,Masuda, Shinji,Nakajima, Tadashi
, p. 3611 - 3612 (1981)
The alkylation of benzene with (+)-2-chlorobutane (1) by Lewis acid catalyst gave stereospecifically (-)-2-phenylbutane (2) with inversion of configuration at low temperature for short reaction time.A lowering of the stereospecificity of the reaction was found to be partly due to the racemization of (+)-1- and (-)-2.
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Price,Lund
, p. 3105,3106 (1940)
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Satoh et al.
, p. 951 (1979)
Robson,Wright
, p. 21,30 (1960)
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Pines et al.
, p. 2850 (1950)
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Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Primary and Secondary Alkyl Halides with Aryl Grignard Reagents
Nakamura, Masaharu,Matsuo, Keiko,Ito, Shingo,Nakamura, Eiichi
, p. 3686 - 3687 (2004)
An iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of a primary or secondary alkyl halide with an aryl Grignard reagent proceeds under mild conditions to give the corresponding coupling product in quantitative yield. Copyright
Roberts et al.
, p. 640 (1959)
Photoinduced Decomposition of Peracetic Acid in Isopropylbenzene
Ogata, Yoshiro,Tomizawa, Kohtaro
, p. 2419 - 2420 (1980)
Irradiation of peracetic acid in isopropylbenzene with 254 nm and over 290 nm lights gave as aromatic products mainly t-butylbenzene, 2-phenyl-2-propanol, and 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diphenylbutane.The yield of t-butylbenzene was higher in 254 nm photolysis than that with >290 nm, while the yield of hydroxylated aromatics, i. e., 2-phenyl-2-propanol, was much higher with >290 nm than that with 254 nm.The distribution of products was little affected by the intensity of light.These results are discussed by a mechanism involving radicals of different reactivity derived from peracetic acid decomposition.
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Cram et al.
, p. 2832 (1962)
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Bonner,McKay
, p. 5350,5352 (1960)
Moss,Banger
, p. 3549 (1974)
Indene Derived Phosphorus-Thioether Ligands for the Ir-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Olefins with Diverse Substitution Patterns and Different Functional Groups
Margalef, Jèssica,Biosca, Maria,de la Cruz-Sánchez, Pol,Caldentey, Xisco,Rodríguez-Escrich, Carles,Pàmies, Oscar,Pericàs, Miquel A.,Diéguez, Montserrat
supporting information, p. 4561 - 4574 (2021/04/05)
A family of phosphite/phosphinite-thioether ligands have been tested in the Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of a range of olefins (50 substrates in total). The presented ligands are synthesized in three steps from cheap indene and they are air-stable solids. Their modular architecture has been crucial to maximize the catalytic performance for each type of substrate. Improving most Ir-catalysts reported so far, this ligand family presents a broader substrate scope, covering different substitution patterns with different functional groups, ranging from unfunctionalized olefins, through olefins with poorly coordinative groups, to olefins with coordinative functional groups. α,β-Unsaturated acyclic and cyclic esters, ketones and amides werehydrogenated in enantioselectivities ranging from 83 to 99% ee. Enantioselectivities ranging from 91 to 98% ee were also achieved for challenging substrates such as unfunctionalized 1,1′-disubstituted olefins, functionalized tri- and 1,1′-disubstituted vinyl phosphonates, and β-cyclic enamides. The catalytic performance of the Ir-ligand assemblies was maintained when the environmentally benign 1,2-propylene carbonate was used as solvent. (Figure presented.).
Photo-triggered hydrogen atom transfer from an iridium hydride complex to unactivated olefins
Guo, Xingwei,Pfund, Bj?rn,Schreier, Mirjam R.,Wenger, Oliver S.
, p. 8582 - 8594 (2020/09/07)
Many photoactive metal complexes can act as electron donors or acceptors upon photoexcitation, but hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactivity is rare. We discovered that a typical representative of a widely used class of iridium hydride complexes acts as an H-atom donor to unactivated olefins upon irradiation at 470 nm in the presence of tertiary alkyl amines as sacrificial electron and proton sources. The catalytic hydrogenation of simple olefins served as a test ground to establish this new photo-reactivity of iridium hydrides. Substrates that are very difficult to activate by photoinduced electron transfer were readily hydrogenated, and structure-reactivity relationships established with 12 different olefins are in line with typical HAT reactivity, reflecting the relative stabilities of radical intermediates formed by HAT. Radical clock, H/D isotope labeling, and transient absorption experiments provide further mechanistic insight and corroborate the interpretation of the overall reactivity in terms of photo-triggered hydrogen atom transfer (photo-HAT). The catalytically active species is identified as an Ir(ii) hydride with an IrII-H bond dissociation free energy around 44 kcal mol-1, which is formed after reductive 3MLCT excited-state quenching of the corresponding Ir(iii) hydride, i.e. the actual HAT step occurs on the ground-state potential energy surface. The photo-HAT reactivity presented here represents a conceptually novel approach to photocatalysis with metal complexes, which is fundamentally different from the many prior studies relying on photoinduced electron transfer. This journal is