1008-19-1Relevant academic research and scientific papers
A sliding cyclohexane rearrangement mediated by zirconium tetrachloride
Harrowven, David C.,Dainty, Richard F.
, p. 3607 - 3608 (1996)
6-Methoxytetralins may be smoothly transformed into 5-methoxytetralins through the action of zirconium tetrachloride. The rearrangement occurs at ambient temperature in chloroform and proceeds via fragmentation of the carbon-carbon bond para to the methoxy substituent followed by an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation.
Organic reaction in water. Part 3: A facile method for reduction of aromatic rings using a Raney Ni-Al alloy in dilute aqueous alkaline solution under mild conditions
Tsukinoki, Takehito,Kanda, Tadashige,Liu, Guo-Bin,Tsuzuki, Hirohisa,Tashiro, Masashi
, p. 5865 - 5868 (2000)
Reduction of aromatic rings such as phenol, naphthalenes, biphenyls, acenaphthene, and acenaphthylene was smoothly performed using a Raney Ni-Al alloy in dilute aqueous alkaline solution without any organic solvents at 90°C under atmospheric pressure, and the corresponding reduced compounds were obtained in high yields. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Birch-Type Photoreduction of Arenes and Heteroarenes by Sensitized Electron Transfer
Chatterjee, Anamitra,K?nig, Burkhard
, p. 14289 - 14294 (2019)
The direct reduction of arenes and heteroarenes by visible-light irradiation remains challenging, as the energy of a single photon is not sufficient for breaking aromatic stabilization. Shown herein is that the energy accumulation of two visible-light photons allows the dearomatization of arenes and heteroarenes. Mechanistic investigations confirm that the combination of energy-transfer and electron-transfer processes generates an arene radical anion, which is subsequently trapped by hydrogen-atom transfer and finally protonated to form the dearomatized product. The photoreduction converts planar aromatic feedstock compounds into molecular skeletons that are of use in organic synthesis.
Hydroxide ion as electron source for photochemical Birch-type reduction and photodehalogenation
Yoshimi, Yasuharu,Ishise, Akihiro,Oda, Hiromu,Moriguchi, Yousuke,Kanezaki, Hiroki,Nakaya, Yukari,Katsuno, Kayoko,Itou, Tatsuya,Inagaki, Sho,Morita, Toshio,Hatanaka, Minoru
, p. 3400 - 3404 (2008)
The photochemical Birch-type reduction of arenes and the photodehalogenation of haloarenes by a hydroxide ion that acted as an electron source occurred in 2-PrOH. The efficiency of these photoreactions was dependent on the nature of the substrate, the concentration of NaOH, and the solvent used. These photoreactions provide an environmentally friendly method for the reduction of aromatic rings and dehalogenation.
Alkyl Carbagermatrane Enabled Synthesis of Seven-Membered Carbocycle-Fused Aromatics through Catellani Strategy
Xie, Xiu-Ying,Jiang, Wei-Tao,Xiao, Bin
, p. 2819 - 2827 (2021/06/02)
Synthesis of seven-membered carbocycle-fused aromatics was realized by Catellani reaction using terminally brominated alkyl carbagermatranes through intermolecular cyclization manner. Various functional groups were well tolerated, and this transformation was also expanded to the synthesis of carbocycles of other size. The utility of this method was demonstrated by modification of natural product derivatives and synthesis of bioactive molecules.
Site-Selective Alkoxylation of Benzylic C?H Bonds by Photoredox Catalysis
Lee, Byung Joo,DeGlopper, Kimberly S.,Yoon, Tehshik P.
supporting information, p. 197 - 202 (2019/11/26)
Methods that enable the direct C?H alkoxylation of complex organic molecules are significantly underdeveloped, particularly in comparison to analogous strategies for C?N and C?C bond formation. In particular, almost all methods for the incorporation of alcohols by C?H oxidation require the use of the alcohol component as a solvent or co-solvent. This condition limits the practical scope of these reactions to simple, inexpensive alcohols. Reported here is a photocatalytic protocol for the functionalization of benzylic C?H bonds with a wide range of oxygen nucleophiles. This strategy merges the photoredox activation of arenes with copper(II)-mediated oxidation of the resulting benzylic radicals, which enables the introduction of benzylic C?O bonds with high site selectivity, chemoselectivity, and functional-group tolerance using only two equivalents of the alcohol coupling partner. This method enables the late-stage introduction of complex alkoxy groups into bioactive molecules, providing a practical new tool with potential applications in synthesis and medicinal chemistry.
Method for hydrogenolysis of halides
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, (2021/01/11)
The invention discloses a method for hydrogenolysis of halides. The invention discloses a preparation method of a compound represented by a formula I. The preparation method comprises the following step: in a polar aprotic solvent, zinc, H2O and a compound represented by a formula II are subjected to a reaction as shown in the specification, wherein X is halogen; Y is -CHRR or R; hydrogenin H2O exists in the form of natural abundance or non-natural abundance. According to the preparation method, halide hydrogenolysis can be simply, conveniently and efficiently achieved through a simple and mild reaction system, and good functional group compatibility and substrate universality are achieved.
Cobalt-Nanoparticles Catalyzed Efficient and Selective Hydrogenation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Murugesan, Kathiravan,Senthamarai, Thirusangumurugan,Alshammari, Ahmad S.,Altamimi, Rashid M.,Kreyenschulte, Carsten,Pohl, Marga-Martina,Lund, Henrik,Jagadeesh, Rajenahally V.,Beller, Matthias
, p. 8581 - 8591 (2019/09/12)
The development of inexpensive and practical catalysts for arene hydrogenations is key for future valorizations of this general feedstock. Here, we report the development of cobalt nanoparticles supported on silica as selective and general catalysts for such reactions. The specific nanoparticles were prepared by assembling cobalt-pyromellitic acid-piperazine coordination polymer on commercial silica and subsequent pyrolysis. Applying the optimal nanocatalyst, industrial bulk, substituted, and functionalized arenes as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are selectively hydrogenated to obtain cyclohexane-based compounds under industrially viable and scalable conditions. The applicability of this hydrogenation methodology is presented for the storage of H2 in liquid organic hydrogen carriers.
Meta C-H Arylation of Electron-Rich Arenes: Reversing the Conventional Site Selectivity
Liu, Luo-Yan,Qiao, Jennifer X.,Yeung, Kap-Sun,Ewing, William R.,Yu, Jin-Quan
supporting information, p. 14870 - 14877 (2019/10/02)
Controlling site selectivity of C-H activation without using a directing group remains a significant challenge. While Pd(II) catalysts modulated by a mutually repulsive pyridine-type ligand have been shown to favor the relatively electron-rich carbon centers of arenes, reversing the selectivity to favor palladation at the relatively electron-deficient positions has not been possible. Herein we report the first catalytic system that effectively performs meta C-H arylation of a variety of alkoxy aromatics including 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran and chromane with exclusive meta site selectivity, thus reversing the conventional site selectivity governed by native electronic effects. The identification of an effective ligand and modified norbornene (NBE-CO2Me), as well as taking advantage of the statistics, are essential for achieving the exclusive meta selectivity.
Dehalogenative Deuteration of Unactivated Alkyl Halides Using D2O as the Deuterium Source
Xia, Aiyou,Xie, Xin,Hu, Xiaoping,Xu, Wei,Liu, Yuanhong
, p. 13841 - 13857 (2019/10/17)
The general dehalogenation of alkyl halides with zinc using D2O or H2O as a deuterium or hydrogen donor has been developed. The method provides an efficient and economic protocol for deuterium-labeled derivatives with a wide substrate scope under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies indicated that a radical process is involved for the formation of organozinc intermediates. The facile hydrolysis of the organozinc intermediates provides the driving force for this transformation.
