105959-50-0

Basic information

• Product Name: ¹³C-formate
• Synonyms: ¹³C-formate
• CAS NO: 105959-50-0
• Molecular Weight: 46.0067
• Mol File: 105959-50-0.mol

Chemical Properties

• CAS DataBase Reference: ¹³C-formate(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: ¹³C-formate(105959-50-0)
• EPA Substance Registry System: ¹³C-formate(105959-50-0)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 105959-50-0(Hazardous Substances Data)

Upstream product

• 1111-72-4 carbon dioxide 
• 6532-48-5 methane 
• 1276692-89-7 1-[⁽¹³⁾C]-octadecanal 

Relevant articles and documents

Monomeric Copper(II) Sites Supported on Alumina Selectively Convert Methane to Methanol

Monomeric CuII sites supported on alumina, prepared using surface organometallic chemistry, convert CH4 to CH3OH selectively. This reaction takes place by formation of CH3O surface species with the concomitant reduction of two monomeric CuII sites to CuI, according to mass balance analysis, infrared, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray absorption, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. This material contains a significant fraction of Cu active sites (22 %) and displays a selectivity for CH3OH exceeding 83 %, based on the number of electrons involved in the transformation. These alumina-supported CuII sites reveal that C?H bond activation, along with the formation of CH3O- surface species, can occur on pairs of proximal monomeric CuII sites in a short reaction time.

CO2 reduction catalyzed by mercaptopteridine on glassy carbon

The catalytic reduction of CO2 is of great current interest because of its role in climate change and the energy cycle. We report a pterin electrocatalyst, 6,7-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-2-mercaptopteridine (PTE), that catalyzes the reduction of CO2 and formic acid on a glassy carbon electrode. Pterins are natural cofactors for a wide range of enzymes, functioning as redox mediators and C1 carriers, but they have not been exploited as electrocatalysts. Bulk electrolysis of a saturated CO2 solution in the presence of the PTE catalyst produces methanol, as confirmed by gas chromatography and 13C NMR spectroscopy, with a Faradaic efficiency of 10-23%. FTIR spectroelectrochemistry detected a progression of two-electron reduction products during bulk electrolysis, including formate, aqueous formaldehyde, and methanol. A transient intermediate was also detected by FTIR and tentatively assigned as a PTE carbamate. The results demonstrate that PTE catalyzes the reduction of CO2 at low overpotential and without the involvement of any metal.

Bipyridine-Assisted Assembly of Au Nanoparticles on Cu Nanowires To Enhance the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2

We report a new strategy to prepare a composite catalyst for highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The composite catalyst is made by anchoring Au nanoparticles on Cu nanowires via 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy). The Au-bipy-Cu composite catalyzes the CO2RR in 0.1 m KHCO3 with a total Faradaic efficiency (FE) reaching 90.6 % at ?0.9 V to provide C-products, among which CH3CHO (25 % FE) dominates the liquid product (HCOO?, CH3CHO, and CH3COO?) distribution (75 %). The enhanced CO2RR catalysis demonstrated by Au-bipy-Cu originates from its synergistic Au (CO2 to CO) and Cu (CO to C-products) catalysis which is further promoted by bipy. The Au-bipy-Cu composite represents a new catalyst system for effective CO2RR conversion to C-products.

Conversion of fatty aldehydes to alka(e)nes and formate by a cyanobacterial aldehyde decarbonylase: Cryptic redox by an unusual dimetal oxygenase

Cyanobacterial aldehyde decarbonylase (AD) catalyzes conversion of fatty aldehydes (R-CHO) to alka(e)nes (R-H) and formate. Curiously, although this reaction appears to be redox-neutral and formally hydrolytic, AD has a ferritin-like protein architecture and a carboxylate-bridged dimetal cofactor that are both structurally similar to those found in di-iron oxidases and oxygenases. In addition, the in vitro activity of the AD from Nostoc punctiforme (Np) was shown to require a reducing system similar to the systems employed by these O2-utilizing di-iron enzymes. Here, we resolve this conundrum by showing that aldehyde cleavage by the Np AD also requires dioxygen and results in incorporation of 18O from 18O2 into the formate product. AD thus oxygenates, without oxidizing, its substrate. We posit that (i) O2 adds to the reduced cofactor to generate a metal-bound peroxide nucleophile that attacks the substrate carbonyl and initiates a radical scission of the C1-C2 bond, and (ii) the reducing system delivers two electrons during aldehyde cleavage, ensuring a redox-neutral outcome, and two additional electrons to return an oxidized form of the cofactor back to the reduced, O2-reactive form.

A bimetallic-MOF catalyst for efficient CO2photoreduction from simulated flue gas to value-added formate

Direct CO2 conversion from flue gas into high-value products is of great significance not only in relieving environmental burden but alleviating the energy crisis by a low-cost and energy-saving avenue, yet few studies in this aspect have been reported. Herein, we report metal-node-dependent catalytic performance for solar-energy-powered CO2 reduction to formate in simulated flue gas by bimetallic Ni/Mg-MOF-74. The yield of HCOO- with Ni0.75Mg0.25-MOF-74 as a catalyst in pure CO2 is 0.64 mmol h-1 gMOF-1 which is higher than that of Ni-MOF-74 (0.29 mmol h-1 gMOF-1) and Ni0.87Mg0.13-MOF-74 (0.54 mmol h-1 gMOF-1), whereas monometallic Mg-MOF-74 is almost inactive, indicating that reactivity relies on metal nodes. In simulated flue gas without water vapor at 20 °C, ～80percent of the reactivity in pure CO2 is retained, with HCOO- generation reaching 0.52 mmol h-1 gMOF-1. This activity is comparable to that of the best MOF catalysts in pure CO2, demonstrating that Ni/Mg-MOF-74 not only overcomes the limitation from CO2 concentration, but also has good resistance to other gas components in flue gas at 20 °C. DFT calculations reveal the high output for HCOO- from two crucial factors: strong CO2 binding affinity of Mg sites, and the synergistic effect of Mg and Ni leading to the stabilization of the key ?OCOH intermediate with an appropriate energy barrier. This work paves a new route for double-metal MOFs to enhance the CO2 photoreduction reactivity in flue gas. This journal is

Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction by Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica (PMO) Containing Two Different Ruthenium Complexes as Photosensitizing and Catalytic Sites

A periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) containing 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) ligands within the framework (BPy-PMO) has great potential for designing novel catalysts by modifying metal complexes. A photosensitizing site (Ru(PS)) was introduced by treating cis-[Ru(bpy)2(dimethylsulfoxide)Cl]Cl with BPy-PMO. Then a catalytic site (Ru(Cat)) was brought in Ru(PS)x-BPy-PMO by reaction with a ruthenium polymer [Ru(CO)2Cl2]n. The stepwise modification of BPy-PMO successfully affords a novel photocatalyst Ru(PS)x-Ru(Cat)y-BPy-PMO. The molar fractions (x, y) of Ru(PS) and Ru(Cat) were determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurement and quantification of the amount of CO emitted in the photo-decarbonylation of Ru(Cat), respectively. Photochemical CO2 reduction (λex>430 nm) by Ru(PS)x-Ru(Cat)y-BPy-PMO in a CO2-saturated N,N-dimethylacetamide/water solution containing 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide catalytically produced CO and formate. The total turnover frequency of CO and formate reached more than 162 h?1 on x=0.11 and y=0.0055. The product selectivity (CO/formate) became large when the ratio of Ru(PS)-to-Ru(Cat) (x/y) was increased. The photocatalysts can be recycled at least three times without losing their catalytic activity, demonstrating that the Ru(PS) and Ru(Cat) units were strongly immobilized on the BPy-PMO framework.

The Impact of a Proton Relay in Binuclear α-Diimine-Mn(CO)3 Complexes on the CO2 Reduction Catalysis

Herein, we describe the redox chemistry of bi- and mononuclear α-diimine-Mn(CO)3 complexes with an internal proton source in close proximity to the metal centers and their catalytic activity in the electrochemically driven CO2 reduct

Secondary Coordination Effect on Monobipyridyl Ru(II) Catalysts in Photochemical CO2Reduction: Effective Proton Shuttle of Pendant Br?nsted Acid/Base Sites (OH and N(CH3)2) and Its Mechanistic Investigation

While the incorporation of pendant Br?nsted acid/base sites in the secondary coordination sphere is a promising and effective strategy to increase the catalytic performance and product selectivity in organometallic catalysis for CO2reduction, the control of product selectivity still faces a great challenge. Herein, we report two newtrans(Cl)-[Ru(6-X-bpy)(CO)2Cl2] complexes functionalized with a saturated ethylene-linked functional group (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine; X = ?(CH2)2-OH or ?(CH2)2-N(CH3)2) at theortho(6)-position of bpy ligand, which are named Ru-bpyOHand Ru-bpydiMeN, respectively. In the series of photolysis experiments, compared to nontethered case, the asymmetric attachment of tethering ligand to the bpy ligand led to less efficient but more selective formate production with inactivation of CO2-to-CO conversion route during photoreaction. From a series ofin situFTIR analyses, it was found that the Ru-formate intermediates are stabilized by a highly probable hydrogen bonding between pendent proton donors (?diMeN+H or ?OH) and the oxygen atom of metal-bound formate (RuI-OCHO···H-E-(CH2)2-,E= O or diMeN+). Under such conformation, the liberation of formate from the stabilized RuI-formate becomes less efficient compared to the nontethered case, consequently lowering the CO2-to-formate conversion activities during photoreaction. At the same time, such stabilization of Ru-formate species prevents the dehydration reaction route (η1-OCHO → η1-COOH on Ru metal) which leads toward the generation of Ru-CO species (key intermediate for CO production), eventually leading to the reduction of CO2-to-CO conversion activity.