110510-77-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Organic Reactions in Liquid-Crystalline Solvents. 9. Investigation of the Solubilization of Guest Molecules in a Smectic (Crystal-B) Liquid Crystal by Deuterium NMR, Calorimetry, Optical Microscopy, and Photoreactivity Methods.
Fahie, Brian J.,Mitchell, D. Scott,Workentin, Mark. S.,Leigh, William J.
, p. 2916 - 2929 (1989)
The solubilization behavior of three aromatic ketones in the smectic (crystal-B) and nematic liquid-crystalline phases of trans,trans-4'-butylbicyclohexyl-4-carbonitrile (CCH-4) has been studied in detail by 2H NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal microscopy, and complete binary phase diagrams for each ketone/CCH-4 system have been constructed.Combined with previously reported data, the results indicate that most aromatic molecules have very low solubilities (ca. 0.2-2.0 molpercent) in the crystal-B phase of this mesogen.For a given solute, solubility in this phase increases with decreasing temperature.For bulk compositions above the solubility limit, the solute order parameters (from NMR) appear to decrease with decreasing temperature.This has been shown to be due to phase separation and the complex temperature-dependent behavior of the resulting smectic/nematic biphasic system.Other evidence indicates that the isotropic NMR behavior observed for many solute/CCH-4 mixtures at low temperatures is due to the formation of a smetic/isotropic biphasic system, not a plastic or cubic phase as has been proposed previously.The Norrish type II photoreactivity at 30 deg C and the 2H NMR behavior of γ-cyclohexylbutyrophenone-α,α-d2 over the 30-80 deg C range in CCH-4 have been investigated over a wide range of sample composition (0.6-40 molpercent).The results obtained in the temperature range below the S-N transition of the pure liquid crystal can be explained within the context of a biphasic solubilization model.
Nickel-Catalyzed, para-Selective, Radical-Based Alkylation of Aromatic Ketones
Wang, Jie,Pang, Yu-Bo,Tao, Na,Zeng, Runsheng,Zhao, Yingsheng
supporting information, p. 854 - 857 (2020/01/31)
A direct, para-selective, radical-based alkylation of aromatic ketones with alkanes has been developed using a nickel catalyst with oxamide as the ligand. Acetophenones bearing electron-withdrawing substituents were functionalized directly with simple alkanes with high para-selectivity while acetophenones with electron-donating groups were mainly para-functionalized. A mechanistic study indicated that C-H bond activation of the aromatic ring may be the rate-determining step of the reaction.
