111-60-4

Usage

Chemical Properties

Beads

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 111-60-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Pegosperse(R) 50 MS is a low HLB surface agent suggested for use as an opacifier, pearlescing agent and auxiliary emulsifier in cosmetic and household product formulations.
2. ethylene glycol monostearate (glycol stearate) is a non-comedogenic raw material that provides a pearly look and consistency to clear preparations.
3. glycol stearate can be utilized as a detergent, emulsifier, surfactant, thickener, stabilizer, and emollient in cosmetic formulations. It also converts clear cleansers or other preparations to ones that are pearly.

Safety Profile

Poison by intraperitoneal route. A skin irritant. Used in cosmetics. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also ESTERS.

InChI:InChI=1/C38H74O4.C2H6O2/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-21-23-25-27-29-31-33-37(39)41-35-36-42-38(40)34-32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2;3-1-2-4/h3-36H2,1-2H3;3-4H,1-2H2

Upstream product

• 64-17-5 ethanol 
• 94874-65-4 stearic acid-(2-iodo-ethyl ester) 
• 107-21-1 ethylene glycol 
• 57-11-4 stearic acid 
• 112-76-5 Stearoyl chloride 
• 35438-71-2 triglycol borate 
• 593-29-3 potassium stearate 
• 107-07-3 2-chloro-ethanol 
• 638-08-4 stearic anhydride 
• 112-61-8 Methyl stearate 

Downstream Products

• 66910-81-4 phosphoric acid diphenyl ester-(2-stearoyloxy-ethyl ester) 
• 99887-44-2 2-(phosphonooxy)ethyl stearate 
• 852395-89-2 benzyl-(2-octadecanoyloxyethyl)-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Disulfide bond bridged docetaxel-fatty acid prodrugs and self-assembled nanoparticles thereof

According to the invention, a series of reduction-sensitive disulfide bond bridged docetaxel fatty acid prodrugs are designed and synthesized. The series of prodrugs can be self-assembled into a nano drug delivery system through a one-step nano precipitation method. The nano drug delivery system has the following advantages that: docetaxel is prepared into a disulfide bond connected prodrug, so that the system toxicity of a docetaxel parent drug is reduced, the parent drug can be specifically released in a high reduction environment in tumor cells, and the effects of synergy and toxicity reduction are achieved; the drug loading capacity is high, the use of a solubilizer with higher toxicity is avoided, and the tolerance and the compliance of a patient are expected to be improved; through the one-step nano precipitation method, the preparation process is simple, and large-scale production is easy; the nanoparticles are small and uniform in particle size and are easily enriched at a tumor part through an EPR effect; and surface modification is easy, and removal of a reticuloendothelial system can be slowed down through modification of PEG modification.

DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM INCLUDING DRUG-LOADED PHOSPHATE MICELLE

The present invention relates to a drug carrier comprising a drug and a carrier loaded with the drug, wherein the carrier is a micelle composed of a phosphate surfactant. The micelle, consisting of the phosphate surfactant contained in a drug carrier, can selectively release the drug loaded into the micelle by being cleaved by an overexpressed enzyme around a target, thereby significantly reducing drug side effects in vivo compared to the prior art, while maximizing a therapeutic effect.COPYRIGHT KIPO 2020

PARTICLE INCLUDING UCNPs-LOADED PHOSPHATE MICELLE AND BEING USED FOR BIOIMAGING

The present invention relates to particles for bioimaging, comprising up-conversion fluorescent nanoparticles and a carrier loaded with the up-conversion fluorescent nanoparticles, wherein the carrier is a micelle formed by a phosphate surfactant. According to the present invention, the particles for bioimaging are capable of releasing up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNP) in a specific location in vivo, thereby being capable of delivering the UCNP in a low concentration, and thus can significantly reduce adverse side effects in vivo; can improve dispersibility in vivo; and can have high selectivity to specific cells such as prostate cancer cells. Thus, the particles for bioimaging may be beneficially used as a marker substance for bioimaging.(AA) Phospholipase A_2(BB) UCNP-loaded micelle(CC) PEGylated ethylene glycol phosphate(DD) Stearic acid(EE) Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)(FF) Extracellular space(GG) Cell membrane(HH) Intracellular spaceCOPYRIGHT KIPO 2018

Esterification of free fatty acids (Biodiesel) using nano sulfated-titania as catalyst in solvent-free conditions

Nano sulfated titania was tested as catalyst for esterification of free fatty acids, specially methanolic and ethanolic esterification of stearic acid (biodiesels). Factorial design evidenced a positive effect of reaction temperature, amount of catalyst, and solvents on ester conversion. This nano-sized sulfated titania has been prepared by a sol-gel hydrothermal process. This prepared sulfated titania showed high catalytic activity in direct esterification of fatty acids as well as benzoic acids with various alcohols and phenols under solvent-free conditions. This method is of great value because of its environmentally benign character, easy handling, high yields, convenient operation, and green. FT-IR studies are shown that the catalyst can be reused for acylation without loss of catalytic activity.

Rapid transesterification of aliphatic and aromatic esters using sodium bis(ethylenedioxy)borate-a mild catalyst

A simple, selective transesterification of aliphatic and aromatic esters using a mild base sodium bis(ethylenedioxy)borate is described. The transesterification reactions were performed both in microwave and ultrasonication. Aromatic compounds forms diesters of ethylene glycol while aliphatic compounds forms only monoesters. The IR, MS and NMR characterization are given. In this work, an environmentally benign process for the production of biodiesel from oils using heterogeneous catalyst was developed. Mild borate catalyst was adopted for the production of biodiesel. A study for optimizing the reaction conditions such as the reaction time, the reaction condition, the use of co-solvent and the amount of catalyst, was performed.

Synthesis and evaluation of lysophosphatidylserine analogues as inducers of mast cell degranulation. Potent activities of lysophosphatidylthreonine and its 2-deoxy derivative

In response to various exogenous stimuli, mast cells (MCs) release a wide variety of inflammatory mediators stored in their cytoplasmic granules and this release initiates subsequent allergic reactions. Lysophosphatidylserine (lysoPS) has been known as an exogenous inducer to potentiate histamine release from MCs, though even at submicromolar concentrations. In this study, through SAR studies on lysoPS against MC degranulation, we identified lysoPT, a threonine-containing lysophospholipid and its 2-deoxy derivative as novel strong agonists. LysoPT and its 2-deoxy derivative induced histamine release from MCs both in vitro and in vivo at a concentration less than one-tenth that of lysoPS. Notably, lysoPT did not activate a recently proposed lysoPS receptor on MCs, GPR34, demonstrating the presence of another undefined receptor reactive to both lysoPS and lysoPT that is involved in MC degranulation. Thus, the present strong agonists, lysoPT and its 2-deoxy derivative, will be useful tools to understand the mechanisms of lysoPS-induced activation of degranulation of MCs. 2009 American Chemical Society.

Combinatorial synthesis of PEG oligomer libraries

A simple chain-extending approach was established for the scale-up of the monoprotected monodisperse PEG diol materials. Reactions of THP-(OCH2CH2)n—OMs (n=4, 8, 12) with a large excess of commercially available H—(OCH2CH2)n—OH (n=1-4) under basic conditions led to THP-(OCH2CH2)n—OH (n=5-15). Similarly, Me-(OCH2CH2)n—OH (n=4-11, 13) were prepared from Me-(OCH2CH2)n—OMs (n=3, 7, 11). For the chain elongation steps, 40-80% yields were achieved through extraction purification. PEG oligomer libraries I and II were generated in 50-95% overall yields by alkylation or acylation of THP-(OCH2CH2)n—OH (n=1-15) followed by deprotection. Alkylation of Me-(OCH2CH2)n—OH (n=1-11, 13) with X—(CH2)m—CO2R (X=Br or OMs) and subsequent hydrolysis led to PEG oligomer library III in 30-60% overall yields. Combinatorial purification techniques were adapted to the larger-scale library synthesis. A total of 498 compounds, each with a weight of 2-5 g and a minimum purity of 90%, were synthesized.

SYNTHETIC MOLECULES HAVING IMMUNE ACTIVITY

The present invention is directed to synthetic molecules having biological activity similar to PIM (acyl glycerol phosphatidylinositol manno-oligosaccharide) activity, for use in the treatment and prevention of inflammatory or immune cell mediated diseases or disorders.

Al2O3/MeSO3H (AMA) as a new reagent with high selective ability for monoesterification of diols

A new facile method for monoesterification of diols has been developed. A variety of diols, in particular oligoethylene glycols, were selectively monoesterified in excellent yields by reaction with aromatic and aliphatic acids in the presence of Al2O3/MeSO3H as a new reagent without use of any solvents.

Compositions of iodophenoxy alkanes and iodophenyl ethers in combination with cellulose derivatives for visualization of the gastrointestinal tract

Disclosed are x-ray contrast compositions for oral or retrograde examination of the gastrointestinal tract comprising an iodophenoxy alkane, iodophenyl alkenylalkyl ether or an iodophenyl alkynylalkyl ether x-ray producing agent in combination with a cellulose derivative in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and methods for their use in diagnostic radiology of the gastrointestinal tract.