115406-45-6

Upstream product

• 108-05-4 vinyl acetate 
• 54422-80-9 (3R)-3-hydroxy-3',4'-didehydro-β,β-carotene 
• 127-40-2 lutein 
• 165035-84-7 lutein 
• 144-68-3 zeaxanthin 
• 108-24-7 acetic anhydride 

Downstream Products

• 71608-88-3 Acetic acid (S)-4-[(2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E)-18-[(S)-4-acetoxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-en-(E)-ylidene]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-octadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16-octaen-(E)-ylidene]-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-enyl ester 
• 25494-45-5 (3S,5S,6R,3'R)-antheraxanthin 
• 640-03-9 antheraxanthin 
• 80629-24-9 violaxanthin B 
• 80629-23-8 violaxanthin A 
• 126-29-4 Violaxanthin 
• 76832-21-8 all-trans-astaxanthin diacetate 
• 144-68-3 zeaxanthin 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Synthesis of (3 R,3 R)-zeaxanthin and its meso -stereoisomer from (3 R,3 R,6 R)-lutein via (3 R)-3,4-anhydrolutein

A process has been developed for the partial synthesis of (3R,3R)-zeaxanthin and (3R,3S; meso)-zeaxanthin from commercially available (3R,3R,6R)-lutein. This involves the regioselective hydroboration of a dehydration product of lutein, namely (3R)-3,4-didehydro-,-caroten-3-ol [(3R)-3,4-anhydrolutein], to yield a mixture of (3R,3R)-zeaxanthin and (3R,3S; meso)-zeaxanthin followed by separation of these carotenoids by enzyme-mediated acylation. (3R,3R,6R)-Lutein, (3R,3R)-zeaxanthin and its meso-isomer accumulate in human ocular tissues and have been implicated in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart New York.

Process for Synthesis of (3R,3'R)-Zeaxanthin and (3R,3'S;meso)-Zeaxanthin from (3R,3'R,6'R)-Lutein via (3R)-3',4'-Anhydrolutein

(3R, 3′R, 6′R)-Lutein and (3R, 3′R)-zeaxanthin are two dietary carotenoids that are present in most fruits and vegetables commonly consumed in the US and accumulate in the human plasma, major organs, and ocular tissues. Another stereoisomer of (3R, 3′R)-zeaxanthin that is not of dietary origin but is found in the human ocular tissues is (3R, 3′S; meso)-zeaxanthin. There is growing evidence that these carotenoids play an important role in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that is the leading cause of blindness in the U.S. and the Western World. In view of the potential therapeutic application of dietary lutein, (3R, 3′R)-zeaxanthin, and (3R, 3′S; meso)-zeaxanthin, the industrial production of these carotenoids is of considerable importance. The present invention provides a process for the partial synthesis of (3R, 3′R)-zeaxanthin and (3R, 3′S; meso)-zeaxanthin from a readily accessible dehydration product of (3R, 3′R, 6′R)-lutein, namely, (3R)-3′,4′-didehydro-β,β-caroten-3-ol [(3R)-3′,4′-anhydrolutein]. The process involves regioselective hydroboration of (3R)-3′,4′-anhydrolutein to a mixture of (3R, 3′R)-zeaxanthin and (3R, 3′S; meso)-zeaxanthin followed by separation of these carotenoids by enzyme-mediated acylation.

Method for producing esterified astaxanthin from esterified zeaxanthin

A method is described for preparing astaxanthin esters from zeaxanthin by acylation of zeaxanthin with an acylating agent followed by contacting the esterified zeaxanthin with an oxidizing agent to produce esterified astaxanthin. The astaxanthin esters ar

CHIRALITY OF PERIDININ AND DINOXANTHIN

Details are reported for the configurational assignment of peridinin as 3S, 5R, 6R, 3'S, 5'R, 6'S including ozonolytic degradation of its p-bromobenzoate to derivatives of known chirality obtained from fucoxanthin and violaxanthin.Details regarding derivatization and CD correlations in favour of the same chirality for dinoxanthin = neoxanthin 3-acetate are given.Key Word Index - Dinoflagellate carotenoids; chirality; peridinin; dinoxanthin.