12298-68-9

Basic information

• Product Name: GRAM'S IODINE
• Synonyms: IODINE AND POTASSIUM IODIDE;IODINE AND POTASSIUM IODIDE TS;IODINE GRAM SOLUTION;IODINE-IODIDE;IODINE, LUGOL'S;IODINE POTASSIUM IODIDE;IODINE POTASSIUM IODIDE SOLUTION;IODINE (IODINE-IODIDE)
• CAS NO: 12298-68-9
• Molecular Formula: I3K
• Molecular Weight: 419.81
• EINECS: 235-567-5
• Product Categories: Hematology and Histology;Histology Special Stains;Staining Solutions for Gram StainingMicroscopy Reagents and Kits;Staining Solutions for Metachromatic Staining;Microscopy Reagents and Kits;Staining Solutions
• Mol File: 12298-68-9.mol
• Article Data: 7

Chemical Properties

• Appearance: Red-brown/Liquid
• Density: 1.007 g/mL at 20 °C
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.335
• Storage Temp.: room temp
• CAS DataBase Reference: GRAM'S IODINE(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: GRAM'S IODINE(12298-68-9)
• EPA Substance Registry System: GRAM'S IODINE(12298-68-9)

Safety Data

• WGK Germany: 1
• F: 8
• Hazardous Substances Data: 12298-68-9(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Uses

Lugol solution has been used in a study to assess narrow-band imaging without image magnification for detecting high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. It has also been used in a study to determine its benefit in aiding detection of the presence and spread of small squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus.

General Description

Lugol solution is comprised of aqueous potassium iodide plus iodine.

Safety Profile

Experimental reproductive effects. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of I-.

InChI:InChI=1/3HI.3K/h3*1H;;;/q;;;3*+1/p-3

Upstream product

• 7681-11-0 potassium iodide 
• 7553-56-2 iodine 
• 7558-02-3 potassium bromide 

Relevant articles and documents

Iodine as an efficient and available activator of sodium and potassium halides in carbon dioxide addition to epoxides

Sodium and potassium halides in combination with molecular iodine are efficient catalysts for the solvent-free addition of CO2 (10–56 atm) to epoxides giving organic carbonates.

Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic activity and dye-sensitized solar cell performance of mesoporous anatase TiO2 nanopowders

Mesoporous anatase TiO2 nanopowder was synthesized by hydrothermal method at 130 °C for 12 h. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), HRTEM, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area. The as-synthesized sample with narrow pore size distribution had average pore diameter about 3-4 nm. The specific BET surface area of the as-synthesized sample was about 193 m2/g. Mesoporous anatase TiO2 nanopowders (prepared by this study) showed higher photocatalytic activity than the nanorods TiO2, nanofibers TiO2 mesoporous TiO2, and commercial TiO2 nanoparticles (P-25, JRC-01, and JRC-03). The solar energy conversion efficiency (η) of the cell using the mesoporous anatase TiO2 was about 6.30% with the short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 13.28 mA/cm2, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.702 V and the fill factor (ff) of 0.676; while η of the cell using P-25 reached 5.82% with Jsc of 12.74 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.704 V and ff of 0.649.

Effects of amine fluoride cleaning chemistry on metallic aluminum IC films: II. Determining causal chemistry of OCPs by a time-dependent free energy relationship

A mathematical expression has been developed describing the change in thermodynamic free energy for a chemical system as a function of time to aid the interpretation of experimental time-dependent energy curves, such as the open circuit potential (OCP) plots, generated in corrosion studies. Accurate results of chemical potentials and reaction rates, one pair of constants for each causal chemical reaction, were found. Reaction rate constants were determined for OCPs of Fe(CN)64- + 1/2I2 → Fe(CN) 63- + I- at room temperature of ω1 = 0.011 ± 0.002/s, for oxidation of Fe(CN) 64- to Fe(CN)63- and ω2 = 0.108 + 0.003/s for reduction of I2 to I -, and the known half-cell potentials were reproduced. Experimental aluminum dissolution OCP data was fit using regression analysis describing a four to ten chemical reaction model. The formalism was useful in describing results of OCP plots of integrated circuits (IC) interconnect metals, cleaned by fluoride-based silicon wafer remover formulas, in terms of identifying the causal corrosion chemistry.