7681-11-0 Usage
Description
Potassium iodide is a chemical compound consisting of potassium and iodine elements, with the chemical formula KI. It is a white crystalline salt that is soluble in water and is commonly used as a source of iodine and a nutrient and dietary supplement.
Uses
Used in Nutritional Supplements:
Potassium iodide is used as a source of iodine and a nutrient and dietary supplement, helping to prevent goiter and support thyroid gland function.
Used in Radiation Poisoning Treatment:
Potassium iodide is primarily used in the treatment of radiation poisoning due to environmental contamination by iodine-131, protecting the thyroid gland from the harmful effects of radioactive iodine.
Used in Photographic Industry:
Potassium iodide is used in the manufacture of photographic emulsions, where it plays a crucial role in the development process of photographic films and papers.
Used in Animal and Poultry Feeds:
Potassium iodide is used in animal and poultry feeds at a concentration of 10-30 parts per million, ensuring adequate iodine intake for the health and growth of animals.
Used in Table Salt:
Potassium iodide is included in table salt as a source of iodine, providing an additional means of iodine supplementation for the general population.
Used in Drinking Water:
Potassium iodide is also used in some drinking water sources to ensure adequate iodine intake and prevent iodine deficiency disorders.
Used in Animal Chemistry:
Potassium iodide is utilized in animal chemistry for various research and analytical purposes, contributing to the understanding of iodine's role in animal health and metabolism.
Used in Medicine:
In medicine, potassium iodide is used to regulate the thyroid gland, treating conditions such as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, and supporting overall thyroid function.
Preparation
Potassium iodide is made by absorption of iodine in potassium hydroxide:I2 + 6KOH → 5KI + KIO3 + 3H2OMost potassium iodate, KIO3 , is separated from the product mixture by crystallization and filtration. Remaining iodates are removed by evaporation of the solution and other processes, such as carbon reduction or thermal decompostion at 600oC to iodide:2KIO3 → 2KI + 3O2Another method of preparation that does not involve the formation of iodate is by treating iron turnings with iodine solution. The product, ferrosoferric iodide, Fe3I8?16H2O, is boiled with 15 wt% potassium carbonate solution: Fe3I8.16H2O + 4K2CO3 → 8 KI + 4CO2 + Fe3O4 + 16H2OA similar method is used to prepare potassium bromide, discussed earlier (see Potassium Bromide.)Potassium iodide can be prepared by reacting hydriodic acid with potassium bicarbonate:HI + KHCO3 → KI + CO2 + H2OIt is purified by melting in dry hydrogen.Potassium iodide also may be obtained by various electrolytic processes.
Air & Water Reactions
Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile
Bromine trifluoride rapidly attacks the following salts: barium chloride, cadmium chloride, calcium chloride, cesium chloride, lithium chloride, silver chloride, rubidium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium chloride, Potassium iodide, rhodium tetrabromide, sodium bromide, sodium chloride, and sodium iodide [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:164, 165. 1956].
Health Hazard
May irritate eyes or open cuts.
Flammability and Explosibility
Nonflammable
Pharmacokinetics
Potassium Iodide is a metal halide composed of potassium and iodide with thyroid protecting and expectorant properties. Potassium iodide can block absorption of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland through flooding the thyroid with non-radioactive iodine and preventing intake of radioactive molecules, thereby protecting the thyroid from cancer causing radiation. In addition, this agent acts as an expectorant by increasing secretion of respiratory fluids resulting in decreased mucus viscosity.
Clinical Use
Potassium iodide is used to treat the cutaneous lymphatic
form of sporotrichosis, although newer agents
are also effective in this disorder and may be better tolerated tolerated.
The drug is also used for erythema nodosum and
nodular vasculitis.
Safety Profile
Poison by intravenous
route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and
intraperitoneal routes. Human teratogenic
effects by ingestion: developmental
abnormalities of the endocrine system.
Experimental teratogenic and reproductive
effects. Mutation data reported. Explosive
reaction with charcoal + ozone,
trifluoroacetyl hypofluorite, fluorine
perchlorate. Violent reaction or ignition on
contact with dazonium salts, diisopropyl
peroxydicarbonate, bromine pentafluoride,
chlorine trifluoride. Incompatible with
oxidants, BrF3, FClO, metaltic salts, calomel.
When heated to decomposition it emits very
toxic fumes of K2O and I-. See also
IODIDES.
Purification Methods
Crystallise it from distilled water (0.5mL/g) by filtering the near-boiling solution and cooling. To minimise oxidation to iodine, the process can be carried out under N2 and the salt is dried under a vacuum over P2O5 at 70-100o. Before drying, the crystals can be washed with EtOH or with acetone followed by pet ether. It has also been recrystallised from water/ethanol. After 2 recrystallisations, ACS/USP grade had Li and Sb at <0.02 and <0.01 ppm respectively. [Lingane & Kolthoff Inorg Synth I 163 1939.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 7681-11-0 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 7,6,8 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 7681-11:
(6*7)+(5*6)+(4*8)+(3*1)+(2*1)+(1*1)=110
110 % 10 = 0
So 7681-11-0 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/HI.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
7681-11-0Relevant articles and documents
Kolthoff, I. M.,Laitinen, H. A.,Lingane, J. J.
, p. 429 (1937)
Extremely bulky copper(i) complexes of [HB(3,5-{1-naphthyl}2pz)3]- and [HB(3,5-{2-naphthyl}2pz)3]- and their self-assembly on graphene
Van Dijkman, Thomas F.,De Bruijn, Hans M.,Brevé, Tobias G.,Van Meijeren, Bob,Siegler, Maxime A.,Bouwman, Elisabeth
, p. 6433 - 6446 (2017)
The synthesis and characterization, using NMR (1H and 13C), infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography, of the ethene and carbon monoxide copper(i) complexes of hydridotris(3,5-diphenylpyrazol-1-yl)borate ([Tp(Ph)2]-) and the two new ligands hydridotris(3,5-bis(1-naphthyl)pyrazol-1-yl)borate ([Tp((1Nt))2]-) and hydridotris(3,5-bis-(2-naphthyl)pyrazol-1-yl)borate ([Tp((2Nt))2]-) are described. X-ray crystal structures are presented of [Cu(Tp(Ph)2)(C2H4)] and [Cu(Tp((2Nt))2)(C2H4)]. The compound [Cu(TpPh)2)(C2H4)] features interactions between the protons of the ethene ligand and the π-electron clouds of the phenyl substituents that make up the binding pocket surrounding the copper(i) center. These dipolar interactions result in strongly upfield shifted signals of the ethene protons in 1H-NMR. [Cu(Tp((1Nt))2)(CO)] and [Cu(Tp((2Nt))2)(CO)] were examined using infrared spectroscopy and were found to have CO stretching vibrations at 2076 and 2080 cm-1 respectively. The copper(i) carbonyl complexes form self-assembled monolayers when drop cast onto HOPG and thin multilayers of a few nanometers thickness when dip coated onto graphene. General macroscopic trends such as the different tendencies to crystallize observed in the complexes of the two naphthyl-substituted ligands appear to extend well to the nanoscale where a well-organized monolayer could be observed of [Cu(Tp((2Nt))2)(CO)].
Orton, K. J. P.,Blackman, W. L.
, p. 830 (1900)
A versatile lead iodide particle synthesis and film surface analysis for optoelectronics
Awol, Nasir,Amente, Chernet,Verma, Gaurav,Kim, Jung Yong
, (2020)
Lead (II) iodide, PbI2, semiconductor was synthesized using versatile methods such as hydrothermal, refluxing, solid-state reaction, and co-precipitation for optoelectronics. All the PbI2 particles exhibited hexagonal-layered 2H structure in which the average crystallite size and optical bandgap (Eg) were 57 ± 10 nm and 2.31 eV, respectively. Then, PbI2films were prepared using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or dimethylformamide (DMF) on the top of a mesoporous TiO2 layer, yielding a wider Eg of 2.33–2.36. Finally, through water contact angle measurement, the surface and interfacial properties of the thin film were characterized, exhibiting initial solid-vapor surface tension (γsv) of 6.1–6.4 mJ/m2 and solubility parameter (δ) of 4.51–4.62 (cal/cm3)1/2. However, when these PbI2 films were exposed to H2O molecules in air, δ changes from 4.62 to 7.28 (cal/cm3)1/2 for PbI2 (DMSO) film or 4.51 to 12.98 (cal/cm3)1/2 for the PbI2 (DMF) film, respectively. Finally, by employing the theory of melting point depression combined with the Flory-Huggins lattice theory, the interfacial interactions between PbI2 and regioregular poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) were qualitatively characterized. The smaller the χ interaction parameter, the more depressed the melting point.
Thermal decomposition kinetics of potassium iodate
Muraleedharan,Kannan,Ganga Devi
, p. 943 - 955 (2011)
The thermal decomposition of potassium iodate (KIO3) has been studied by both non-isothermal and isothermal thermogravimetry (TG). The non-isothermal simultaneous TG-differential thermal analysis (DTA) of the thermal decomposition of KIO3
2,6-diisopropylphenylamides of potassium and calcium: A primary amido ligand in s-block metal chemistry with an unprecedented catalytic reactivity
Glock, Carsten,Younis, Fadi M.,Ziemann, Steffen,Goerls, Helmar,Imhof, Wolfgang,Krieck, Sven,Westerhausen, Matthias
, p. 2649 - 2660 (2013/06/27)
Transamination of KN(SiMe3)2 with 2,6-diisopropylphenylamine (2,6-diisopropylaniline) in toluene at ambient temperature yields [K{N(H)Dipp}·KN(SiMe3)2] (1) regardless of the applied stoichiometry. Recrystallization of 1 in the presence of tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) leads to the formation of [(μ-thf)K2{N(H)Dipp}2]∞ (2), whereas potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide remains in solution. Addition of pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) gives [(pmdeta)K{N(H)Dipp}]2 (3). In contrast to the thf and pmdeta adducts, which lead to dissociation of 1 into homoleptic species, addition of bidentate dimethoxyethane maintains the mixed complex [(dme)K{μ-N(SiMe3)2}{μ-N(H)Dipp}K] 2 (4). A complete transamination of 2,6-diisopropylaniline with KN(SiMe3)2 in toluene at 100 C yields [K{N(H)Dipp}] (5), which reacts with CaI2 to give [(thf)nCa{N(H)Dipp} 2] (6), [(pmdeta)Ca{N(H)Dipp}2] (7), and [(dme) 2Ca{N(H)Dipp}2] (8), depending on the solvents and coligands. Excess potassium 2,6-diisopropylphenylamide allows the formation of the calciate [K2Ca{N(H)Dipp}4]∞ (9). Hydroamination of diphenylbutadiyne with 2,6-diisopropylaniline in the presence of catalytic amounts of 9 gives tetracyclic 2,6-diisopropyl-9,11,14,15- tetraphenyl-8-azatetracyclo[8.5.0.01,7.02,13]pentadeca-3, 5,7,9,11,14-hexaene (10). Solid-state structures are reported for 2-4 and 7-10. Compound 10 slowly rearranges to tetracyclic 5a,9-diisopropyl-2,3,10,11- tetraphenyl-5a,6-dihydro-2a1,6-ethenocyclohepta[cd]isoindole (11), which is slightly favored according to quantum chemical studies.