13417-44-2Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Synthesis of substituted acetylenes, aryl-alkyl ethers, 2-alkene-4-ynoates and nitriles using heterogeneous mesoporous Pd-MCM-48 as reusable catalyst
Banerjee, Subhash,Khatri, Hari,Balasanthiran, Vagulejan,Koodali, Ranjit T.,Sereda, Grigoriy
scheme or table, p. 5717 - 5724 (2011/08/21)
Pd-MCM-48 has been employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of substituted acetylenes via Sonogashira reactions under copper and amine-free reaction conditions. In addition, the catalyst exhibited excellent regioselectivity for primary alcohols towards C-O coupling leading to formation of alkyl-aryl ethers in high yields. A green procedure for the stereoselective synthesis of 2-alkene-4-ynoates and nitriles from the reactions of vic-(E)-diiodoalkenes with activated alkenes has also been demonstrated using Pd-MCM-48 catalyst. The catalyst was easily recovered from the reaction mixture by filtration and reused for at least six times with minimal loss of activity.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution in Microemulsions
Athanassakis, Vassilios,Bunton, Clifford A.,Buzzaccarini, Francesco de
, p. 5002 - 5009 (2007/10/02)
The rate constants of reaction of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene(DNF) with OH- in microemulsions of n-octane, tert-amyl alcohol, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) and in micelles of CTABr and tert-amyl alcohol can be treated quantitatively by using a pseudophase ion-exchange model and the second-order rate constants in the microemulsion or micelle droplets are larger than that in water, but much smaller than those in moist tertiary alcohols.Reactions of DNF and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNC) in microemulsions or micelles containing primary alcohols (n-butyl or benzyl alcohol) give largely ethers as products, and the ethers slowly react giving the 2,4-dinitrophenoxide ion.These reactions of DNF and DNC are faster than reactions with OH- in water but are much slower than those in alcohols.Quantitatively, the relative apparent nucleophilicities of hydroxide and alkoxide ion in the micelle or microemulsion droplet are similar to those in the absence of surfactant.Anionic microemulsions of sodium lauryl sulfate (NaLS) inhibit reactions, but to smaller extent than anionic micelles in water.
