135285-90-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
New precursors for hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW, CL-20)
Chung,Kil,Choi,Chu,Lee
, p. 1647 - 1649 (2000)
Two new polyacylhexaazaisowurtzitanes were synthesized. Pentaacetyl- or pentaacetylformylhexaazaisowurtzitane can be a precursor in the preparation of HNIW, recently developed highly energetic material.
Study of charge transfer mechanism of PEDOT polymer for detection of solid TEX and CL-20 explosives using pulsed photoacoustic technique
Chaudhary, A. K.,Kumari, Archana,Rajasekhar, K.
, (2020)
We report the use of PEDOT polymer (poly (2, 3-dihydrothieno [3,4-b] dioxane-5,7-diyl) as a sensing medium for the detection of solid secondary explosives like TEX and CL-20 in solid form using pulsed photoacoustic (PA) technique under visible 532 nm wavelength. The PEDOT polymer (poly (2, 3-dihydrothieno [3,4-b] dioxane-5,7-diyl) plays the role of an optode or an effective sensing medium for the detection of explosives when mixed in equal proportion and subjected to 532 nm wavelength obtained from Q-switched Nd: YAG laser without any chemical treatment. The study reveals that one milligram of PEDOT is sufficient to initiate the charge transfer mechanism between the positive charge on the oxidized PEDOT and the lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atoms of the nitro group of the explosives. The strength of the enhanced PA signal for TEX and CL-20 was of the order of 65.38 and 1.77 times, respectively. However, the same experiment was repeated with non-explosive samples such as NaNO2 and NaNO3, separately mixed with PEDOT. The obtained peaks of PA spectra were very weak, broaden and distorted in nature and occupies less than 3 kHz frequency rage and 3.5 times less than the PA signal of pure PEDOT. The estimated minimum detection limit of the solid explosives, CL-20 and TEX were of the order of 0.33 ng and 1.03 ng, respectively.
Synthesis and scale-up of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane from 2,6,8,12-tetraacetyl-4,10-dibenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW, CL-20)
Latypov, Nikolaj V.,Wellmar, Ulf,Goede, Patrick,Bellamy, Anthony J.
, p. 156 - 158 (2000)
A two-stage conversion of 2,6,8,12-tetraacetyl-4,10-dibenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane to 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane, involving nitrosation followed by nitration, is described. It is shown that the purity of the fi
New High Pressure Phases of Energetic Material TEX: Evidence from Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, and First-Principles Calculations
Rajan, Rajitha,Ravindran,Venkatesan,Srihari,Pandey,Chandra, Sharat,Mishra, Karuna Kara,Vargeese, Anuj A.
, p. 6236 - 6242 (2018)
Samples of energetic material TEX (C6H6N4O8) are studied using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) up to 27 GPa pressure. There are clear changes in the Raman spectra and XRD patterns around 2 GPa related to a conformational change in the TEX molecule, and a phase transformation above 11 GPa. The molecular structures and vibrational frequencies of TEX are calculated by density functional theory based Gaussian 09W and CASTEP programs. The computed frequencies compare well with Raman spectroscopic results. Mode assignments are carried out using the vibrational energy distribution analysis program and are also visualized in the Materials Studio package. Raman spectra of the high pressure phases indicate that the sensitivity of these phases is more than that of the ambient phase.
Method for preparing CL-20 through two-step method
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Paragraph 0048; 0052; 0056; 0060; 0064; 0068; 0072; 0076, (2019/10/01)
The invention discloses a method for preparing CL-20 through a two-step method, and belongs to the technical field of energetic materials. The method includes the steps of firstly, adding a sulfamatewater solution and a 40% glyoxal water solution into a container, conducting the condensation reaction at a certain temperature, and then conducting filtering and drying to obtain white powder HSIW; secondly, conducting nitration reaction on the HSIW obtained in the first step through a nitrating agent, pouring nitration liquid into icy water, and conducting filtering, washing and drying to obtaina product containing CL-20, wherein the yield of the CL-20 can reach 1.78% at most. By means of the method, sulfamate replaces benzylamine, and the raw material cost is reduced; no catalytic hydrogenolysis is needed, and cost is reduced; the preparing process of the CL-20 is simplified, and the synthesis cycle of the CL-20 is shortened.
Heteropolyacids: As efficient catalysts for the nitration of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaacetyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane
Ramazani, Ali,Azizkhani, Vahid,Joo, Sang Woo
, p. 569 - 575 (2019/09/30)
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12-Hexanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12-hexaazaisowurtz-itane (HNIW) more commonly called CL-20 is a novel high-density cyclic nitramine that is synthesized for the use as an energetic component in propellant formulations. It is usually prepared via nitration of precursors in the presence of concentrated nitric and sulphuric acids. Here in this work, for the first time synthesis of CL-20 from nitration of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12-hexaacetyl-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (HAIW) in the presence of various clean nitrating agents like heteropolyacids has been reported. In the present conditions, the reactions are fairly green, clean and environmentally friendly. Meanwhile, the effects of reaction temperature, time and other factors on the yields were studied. The structure of the synthesized compound was confirmed by using various spectral techniques like IR, 1H, 13C, 14N-NMR and some of its physical properties.
Method for preparing CL-20 through three-step reaction
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Paragraph 0024; 0026; 0028, (2017/12/09)
The invention relates to a method for preparing CL-20 through a three-step reaction. The method comprises: adding HBIW, DMF, bromobenzene, Pd/C and acetic anhydride into a high pressure reaction kettle; and carrying out first hydrogenolysis on the HBIW in
Three-step synthesis of CL-20
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Page/Page column 5; 6; 1, (2015/06/23)
Embodiments of the invention relate to the synthesis of CL-20 using only a three step synthesis and because of increased catalyst activity and lifetimes, a continuous flow process can be used with a tremendous reduction in total cost of producing CL-20.
Processes for preparing certain hexaazaisowurtzitanes and their use in preparing hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane
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Page/Page column 8-9, (2011/02/18)
The present invention describes a novel heavy-metal-free sequence leading to a superior, more economical, and scalable process for the high efficiency conversion of hexaallylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HAllylIW) to hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20). The pro
Synthesis of CL-20 by clean nitrating agent dinitrogen pentoxide
Qian, Hua,Lv, Chunxu,Ye, Zhiwen
body text, p. 434 - 439 (2009/08/08)
CL-20 is a high energy material. It is usually prepared via nitration with concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid, but this technique pollutes the environment. In this article, CL-20 was synthesized with 2,6,8,12- tetraacetylhexaazatetracyclo[5,5,0,03
