141-10-6Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Water-promoted surface basicity in FeO(OH) for the synthesis of pseudoionones (PS) and their analogues
Vernekar, Dnyanesh,Sakate, Sachin S.,Rode, Chandrashekhar V.,Jagadeesan, Dinesh
, p. 80 - 89 (2019)
Use of Iron oxyhydroxide (γ-FeO(OH)) as a robust catalyst for the synthesis of important intermediates like pseudoionones and their analogues through the C-C bond formation reactions like knoevenagel and aldol condensation is explored. These motifs are the building blocks for the construction of the sesquiterpenes as well as the diterpenes such as retinoic acid, Vitamin A etc. Iron oxyhydroxide (γ-FeO(OH)) was synthesized and well characterized using XRD, FT-IR, TEM, XPS and adsorption studies to establish the catalytic activity. A thorough investigation on the nature of basic sites and the role of water as a promoter was explored based on dye adsorption, in situ methanol dissociation and CO2 adsorption studies. The catalyst also showed a wide range of substrate scope with active methylene groups involving various functional groups such as cyanides, esters and acetophenones along with its stability and reproducibility.
Nanoplatelet-based reconstructed hydrotalcites: Towards more efficient solid base catalysts in aldol condensations
Abello,Medina,Tichit,Perez-Ramirez,Cesteros,Salagre,Sueiras
, p. 1453 - 1455 (2005)
Rehydration of Mg-Al hydrotalcite in the liquid phase using ultrasounds or a high stirring speed leads to nanoplatelets with surface areas of 400 m 2 g-1, displaying catalytic activities in aldol condensations up to 8 times higher than the best catalytic system reported in the literature. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2005.
KF on γ-alumina: An efficient catalyst for the aldol condensation to pseudoionones
Raju, Vadikukarasi,Radhakrishnan, Rajitha,Jaenicke, Stephan,Chuah, Gaik Khuan
, p. 139 - 142 (2011)
KF/γ-alumina is an effective catalyst for the aldol condensation of citral with acetone. Even at a relatively low acetone/citral ratio of 1-10, the selectivity to pseudoionones was high, ranging between 82% and 97%. X-ray diffraction shows the presence of KF and K3AlF6 crystallographic phases on the supported catalyst. At KF loadings of 3-6.75 mmol g-1, a pretreatment of the catalyst by heating to 450 °C was necessary to obtain an active catalyst. However, samples with KF loadings of 8.5 mmol g-1 and higher were active even without pretreatment, facilitating handling and use of the catalysts. The development of (1 1 1) planes revealed by in situ XRD during the thermal activation process correlates with the activity for aldol condensation.
Epoxides from myrcene: New versatile tools for the synthesis of functionalized acyclic terpenoids
Fauchet,Miguel, B. Arreguy-San,Taran,Delmond
, p. 3673 - 3684 (1999)
Mono-epoxides prepared from myrcene, were used as synthetic intermediates to obtain citral, linalool, geranylacetone and pseudo-ionone.
Increasing the basicity and catalytic activity of hydrotalcites by different synthesis procedures
Climent,Corma,Iborra,Epping,Velty
, p. 316 - 326 (2004)
Hydrotalcites have been synthesized by three different procedures: conventional precipitation-aging, aging under microwave irradiation, and sonication during the coprecipitation step. The synthesis procedure has an effect on the crystal size and textural properties of the hydrotalcite (HT) and the Al2O3-MgO mixed oxides formed upon calcination. HT samples prepared under sonication at 298 K are formed by dispersed and homogenous particles of 80-nm average particle size. They also produce upon calcinations the mixed oxides with the largest surface area (～300 m 2g-1). This method of preparation increases not only the surface area but also the number of defects in the solid, leading to sites of higher basicity. This was determined by means of catalytic reactions such as Knoevenagel and aldol condensations which demand basic sites of different strengths. Hydrotalcites were regenerated from mixed oxides by hydration while giving Broensted basic sites. Samples originally prepared by sonication present smaller crystallite size and have a larger number of accessible active sites. With these samples acetone/citral condensations with 96 and 99% conversion and selectivity, respectively, are achieved in a 15-min reaction time.
Continuous synthesis method of pseudoionone
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Paragraph 0035-0084, (2021/04/10)
The invention belongs to the field of pseudoionone preparation, and relates to a continuous synthesis method of pseudoionone, which comprises the following steps: continuously introducing citral, acetone and an alkaline catalyst containing inorganic alkali and acetate into a tubular reactor to carry out Aldol condensation reaction, and gradually raising the reaction temperature of the tubular reactor, and continuously introducing the condensation reaction product into a multi-kettle series acetone recovery device to recover acetone, carrying out extraction layering on the acetone removal product, and neutralizing the obtained oil layer with dilute acid to obtain the pseudoionone. On the premise of economy and environmental protection, high yield and high purity of pseudoionone and high conversion rate of citral serving as a raw material are realized, acetone and an alkaline water layer are recycled, and the production cost is reduced.
Preparation method of pseudoionone
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Paragraph 0027-0056, (2021/03/13)
The invention provides a preparation method of a vitamin A intermediate pseudoionone. The method relates to a reaction for preparing pseudoionone by catalyzing condensation of acetone and citral by using a novel catalyst, the use amount of reaction acetone can be effectively reduced by using the novel catalyst, self-polymerization and copolymerization of citral and pseudoionone in the reaction arereduced, and the reaction selectivity and yield are improved.
PROCESS OF MAKING PSEUDOIONONE AND HYDROXY PSEUDOIONONE IN AQUEOUS MIXTURES COMPRISING CITRAL AND ACETONE, COMPRISING ADDING FIRST AND SECOND AMOUNTS OF HYDROXIDE
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Page/Page column 30-33, (2020/06/05)
Described is a process of making pseudoionone and hydroxy pseudoionone comprising the steps of (i) preparing a first aqueous mixture comprising first concentrations of acetone, citral and hydroxide, (ii) producing a second aqueous mixture by allowing to react for a reaction time the components of the first aqueous mixture and (iii) producing a third aqueous mixture by adding to the second aqueous mixture a second amount of hydroxide so that an additional amount of pseudoionone is formed in the third aqueous mixture. The invention further suggests an apparatus for making pseudoionone and hydroxy pseudoionone as well as to a respective process and use of said apparatus in making pseudoionone and hydroxy pseudoionone.
APPARATUS FOR AND PROCESS OF MAKING PSEUDOIONONE AND HYDROXY PSEUDOIONONE
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Page/Page column 29-31, (2020/06/05)
The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for producing pseudoionone and hydroxy pseudoionone. It suggests an apparatus (1) comprising first and second substantially vertically oriented reactor chambers oriented such that components flow through the first and second reactor chambers in different directions, wherein the first reactor chamber (13) is configured to receive a first component feed (C1) containing a first aqueous mixture through an inlet (15), and to produce a second aqueous mixture, and wherein the apparatus (1) comprises a mixing device (17) positioned downstream of the first component feed inlet (15)and configured to add a second component feed (C2) to the first component feed (C1) when the second aqueous mixture has formed, and the second reactor chamber (23) is configured to receive the first and second component feeds unified in the mixing device (17) from the first reactor chamber (13) and to produce a third aqueous mixture from the first and second aqueous mixtures. The invention further suggests a method and a use for producing pseudoionone and hydroxy pseudoionone.
Method for catalytically synthesizing pseudoionone by using alkaline immobilized ionic liquid
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Paragraph 0023-0033, (2020/06/09)
The invention discloses a method for catalytically synthesizing pseudoionone by using alkaline immobilized ionic liquid. In the method, citral is adopted as a raw material, acetone is slowly dropwiseadded at 40-50 DEG C under the condition that the alkaline immobilized ionic liquid is used as a catalyst to react, thereby obtaining the pseudoionone; a carrier used in the alkaline immobilized ionicliquid is a PS material, the PS material is polystyrene, and the alkaline immobilized ionic liquid is one of the following components shown in the specification. The alkaline immobilized ionic liquidcatalyst disclosed by the invention is easy to separate from a reaction solution, avoids the condition of catalyst loss caused by multiple cyclic reactions, and has the advantages of high product yield, clean product and the like in the process of synthesizing pseudoionone.
