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67-64-1Relevant articles and documents
Atomically precise silver clusters for efficient chlorocarbon degradation
Bootharaju,Deepesh,Udayabhaskararao,Pradeep
, p. 611 - 620 (2013)
We describe the degradation of chlorocarbons (CCl4, C 6H5CH2Cl and CHCl3) in solution at room temperature (27 ± 4 °C) by the monolayer-protected silver quantum cluster, Ag9MSA7 (MSA: mercaptosuccinic acid) in the presence of isopropyl alcohol (IPA). The main degradation products were silver chloride and amorphous carbon. Benzyl chloride was less reactive towards clusters than CCl4 and CHCl3. Materials used in the reactions and the reaction products were characterized using several spectroscopic and microscopic tools such as ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis) absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We have shown that clusters are more efficient for the degradation of halocarbons than the corresponding monolayer-protected nanoparticles (Ag@MSA, particle diameter 15 ± 5 nm) at a given time and temperature. The higher reactivity of clusters is attributed to their small size and large surface area. Clusters and nanoparticles were used for reactions in supported (on neutral alumina) and unsupported forms. A possible mechanism for the reaction has been postulated on the basis of experimental results.
EVIDENCE SUPPORTING A SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSFER PATHWAY IN THE REDUCTION OF AROMATIC KETONES BY METAL ALKOXIDES. LITHIUM ISOPROPOXIDE, AN EXCELLENT REDUCING AGENT FOR AROMATIC KETONES.
Ashby, E. C.,Goel, Anil B.,Argyropoulos, John N.
, p. 2273 - 2276 (1982)
Reactions of various metal alkoxides with aromatic ketones have been shown to produce radical intermediates.Lithium isopropoxide has been found to be an excellent reducing agent for aromatic ketones and reduces benzophenone at a faster rate than does aluminum isopropoxide.
Transfer hydrogenation with abnormal dicarbene rhodium(iii) complexes containing ancillary and modular poly-pyridine ligands
Farrell, Kevin,Melle, Philipp,Gossage, Robert A.,Müller-Bunz, Helge,Albrecht, Martin
, p. 4570 - 4579 (2016)
Treatment of an abnormal dicarbene ligated rhodium(iii) dimer with 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine (terpy) results in coordination of the N-donor ligands and concomitant cleavage of the dimeric structure. Depending on the denticity of the pyridyl ligand, this situation retains one (L = terpy) or two (L = bipy, phen) flexible sites for substrate coordination. In the case of the bipy complexes, modification of the electron density at Rh, without directly affecting the steric environment about the metal centre, was achieved by the incorporation of electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents on the bipy backbone. The dicarbene pyridyl complexes were active in transfer hydrogenation catalysis of benzophenone at 0.15 mol% catalyst loading in a iPrOH/KOH mixture. The catalysts displayed a strong characteristic colour change (yellow to purple) after activation which allowed for visual monitoring of the status of the reaction. The colour probe and the robustness of the active catalysts proved useful for catalyst recycling. The catalytic activity sustained over five consecutive substrate batch additions and gave a maximum overall turnover number of 3100.
Energy-storing Photocatalysis of Transition Metal Complexes with High Quantum Efficiency
Yamakawa, Tetsu,Miyake, Hiroto,Moriyama, Hiroshi,Shinoda, Sumio,Saito, Yasukazu
, p. 326 - 327 (1986)
A tin(II)-co-ordinated iridium complex catalyst exhibited the highest photoreactivity ever reported for the energy-storing reaction of propan-2-ol dehydrogenation, with quantum efficiency and even 'photo-thermal energy conversion efficiency' exceeding unity.
Conversion of ethanol over supported cobalt oxide catalysts
Rybak,Tomaszewska,MacHocki,Grzegorczyk,Denis
, p. 14 - 20 (2011)
Conversion of ethanol was investigated on supported (ceria, zirconia and ceria-zirconia) cobalt oxide catalysts. The catalysts were prepared by support impregnation with cobalt nitrate-citric acid solution and they were explored by comparing results from different characterization techniques: X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption techniques. Their catalytic properties at 693 K were characterized in a fixed-bed reactor. The CoOx/CeO2 catalyst displayed the highest catalytic activity. The conversion of ethanol decreased with the increase of the ZrO2/CeO2 ratio in the support of catalyst. All catalysts exhibited high selectivity of ethanol conversion to hydrogen and acetone. The coking of catalysts under reaction conditions was also characterized by gravimetric method. The results indicated that the increase of the ZrO2/CeO2 ratio in the support exerts significant influence on the coke formation. The amount of carbon deposited on CoO x/ZrO2 at 693 K was higher than on any other catalyst. Raman studies of used catalysts proved that their surface was almost completely covered with carbonaceous deposit, which was probably the main reason of deactivation of catalysts under reaction conditions.
Catalytic effect of cuprous ions on the thermal decomposition of 3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-1,2,4,5-tetraoxane in methanol solution
Gimenez,Romero,Bustillo,Jorge,Gomez Vara,Castro
, p. 1273 - 1276 (2008)
Thermal decomposition of 3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-1,2,4,5-tetraoxane was examined in methanol solution (1.69×10-2 M) containing cuprous ions (5.05×10-7 M) in the temperature range from 130 to 166°C using UV spectroscopy as analytical method. The ion-catalyzed reaction follows first-order kinetics with respect to the peroxide and added cuprous ions. The temperature effect on the rate of thermal decomposition of the title compound was described by the corresponding Arrhenius equations, and its stability in solution was estimated on a quantitative level. The activation parameters of the initial step of decomposition of 3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-1,2,4,5- tetraoxane were determined (ΔH≠ = 14.7±0.8 kcal mol-1; ΔS≠ = -38.9±1.4 cal mol -1 K-1; ΔG ≠ = 31.0±0.8 kcal mol-1). Electron-transfer mechanism was proposed for the reaction under study.
Rate constant for the reaction of CH3C(O)CH2 radical with HBr and its thermochemical implication
Farkas, Edit,Kovacs, Gergely,Szilagyi, Istvan,Dobe, Sandor,Berces, Tibor,Marta, Ferenc
, p. 32 - 37 (2006)
The fast flow method with laser induced fluorescence detection of CH 3C(O)CH2 was employed to obtain the rate constant of k1 (298 K) = (1.83 ± 0.12 (1σ)) × 1010 cm3 mol-1 s-1 for the reaction CH 3C(O)CH2 + HBr ? CH3C(O)CH3 + Br (1, -1). The observed reduced reactivity compared with n-alkyl or alkoxyl radicals can be attributed to the partial resonance stabilization of the acetonyl radical. An application of k1 in a third law estimation provides Δf H298O (CH 3C(O)CH2) values of -24 kJ mol-1 and -28 kJ mol-1 depending on the rate constants available for reaction (- 1) from the literature.
Comparison N-CU–codoped nanotitania and n-doped nanotitania in photocatalytic reduction of CO2under UV light
Liu, Cuiping,Yua, Tao,Tan, Xin,Huang, Xiang
, p. 9 - 14 (2017)
Nitrogen-copper–codoped nanotitania and nitrogen-doped nanotitania for CO2 photoreduction by water in liquid phase were prepared by sol-gel method. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, HRTEM, DRS, FTIR, and XPS. N-doped TiO2 have remarkably better photocatalytic activity than N- and Cu-codoped TiO2 for the CO2 photoreduction to acetone under ultraviolet illumination. The acetone yield of N3/TiO2 could reach 52.6 μmol/g h and the acetone yield of Cu0.6N4/TiO2 could reach 33.2 μmol/g h under UV conditions. The mechanism of CO2photoreduction on N-doped nanotitania and N-Cu–codoped TiO2was proposed.
A Thermokinetic Foundation for Oscillatory Phenomena in Gaseous Organic Oxidations under Well Stirred Flowing Conditions
Griffiths, John F.,Hasko, Stephen M.,Shaw, Nigel K.,Torrez-Mujica, Tomas
, p. 343 - 354 (1985)
An experimental and theoretical attack on the fundamentals of thermokinetic phenomena associated with the gaseous, non-isothermal oxidation of hydrocarbons and other organic substrates is described.Quantitative comparisons are made between numerical modelling and experimental measurements under well stirred flowing conditions.Two chemical systems are considered, involving reactions of methyl radicals.These are: (i) di-t-butyl peroxide decomposition in nitrogen and (ii) di-t-butyl peroxide decomposition in an excess of oxygen.Simplified kinetic mechanisms for each of these systems are described and numerical computations for non-isothermal reactions are discussed.Stationary states and two different types of oscillatory modes are predicted to exist within limited ranges of p, Ta and composition, and these match experimental measurements quite satisfactorily.The integral role played by self heating in termokinetic oscillations is demonstrated and relationships to cool-flame phenomena are outlined.
Kinetics of the Oxidation of 2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic Acid by Silver(II) Ions Complexed with 2,2'-Bipyridine in Aqueous Nitrate Media
Heyward, Malcolm P.,Wells, Cecil F.
, p. 1057 - 1070 (1985)
Stopped-flow traces show that the oxidation of 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionic acid (hmpa) by 2+ proceeds in two consecutive reactions.Both are found to be first order in II> and first order in .The first rapid reaction is ascribed to complex formation between AgII and hmpa and the second to a slower redox step.A mechanism is proposed to account for the observed orders in II>, and +> for each reaction and values for the enthalpies and entropies of activation are determined.To investigate the effect on the redox kinetics of oxidatively inert species close to the cation, these are compared with the transition-state parameters for the oxidation of hmpa by aqua-metal cations and for the oxidation of other substrates by metal cations complexed with 2,2'-bipyridine.