142004-23-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Lipase-catalyzed resolution of 1,3-dioxolane derivatives: Synthesis of a homochiral intermediate for antifungal agents
Kim, Young Hee,Cheong, Chan Seong,Lee, So Ha,Jun, Sook Jin,Kim, Kwan Soo,Cho, Hyun-Sung
, p. 2501 - 2508 (2007/10/03)
Dioxolane alcohol (±)-1 and the corresponding acid (±)-2 were kinetically resolved into their respective enantiomers by lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis and esterification reactions. Various alcohols were tested to resolve the acid (±)-2, and the desired (2R,4R)-isomer of the acid was obtained with >96% ee as the best result. Halogenated solvents such as methylene chloride and 1,2-dichloroethane were found to raise the reactivity and selectivity of the system. After recrystallization, the purity of the desired (2R,4R)-acid could be increased to over 98% ee.
Stereoisomers of ketoconazole: Preparation and biological activity
Rotstein,Kertesz,Walker,Swinney
, p. 2818 - 2825 (2007/10/02)
The four stereoisomers of the antifungal agent ketoconazole (1) were prepared and evaluated for their selectivity in inhibiting a number of cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Large differences in selectivity among the isomers were observed for inhibition of the cytochromes P-450 involved in steroid biosynthesis, whereas little differences was observed for inhibition of those associated with hepatic drug metabolism. The cis-(2S,4R) isomer 2 was the most effective against rat lanosterol 14α-demethylase, (2S,4R)-2 > (2R,4S)-4 >> (2R,4R)-3 = (2S,4S)-5, and progesterone 17α,20-lyase, (2S,4R)-2 >> (2S,4S)-5 > (2R,4R)-3 = (2R,4S)-4, whereas the cis-(2R,4S) isomer 4 was more effective against cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, (2R,4S)-4 > (2S,4S)-5 > (2R,4R)-3 > (2S,4R)-2, and the trans-(2S,4S) isomer 5 was the most effective against aromatase, (2S,4R)-5 >> (2R,4R)-3 = (2R,4S)-4 > (2S,4R)-2. The cis- (2S,4R) and trans-(2R,4R) isomers 2 and 3 are equipotent in inhibiting corticoid 11β-hydroxylase and much more effective than their antipodes. Little selectivity was observed for inhibition of cholesterol side chain cleavage or xenobiotic hydroxylases. These data indicate that the affinity of azoles for cytochrome P-450 enzymes involved in steroid synthesis is highly dependent on the stereochemistry of the entire molecule, whereas binding to drug metabolizing enzymes is a less selective process.
