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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Microwave-assisted regioselective sulfenylation of indoles under solvent- and metal-free conditions

Herein, we report a solvent- and metal-free methodology for the sulfenylation of indoles with sulfinic acids in the absence of an external catalyst under microwave irradiation. This environmentally friendly approach offered the desired products in moderate to excellent yields in only 10 min. Several functional group tolerances were monitored under the optimized conditions.

P-Toluenesulphonic acid-promoted, I2-catalysed sulphenylation of pyrazolones with aryl sulphonyl hydrazides

Aryl pyrazolone thioethers were synthesized via the I2-catalysed cross-coupling of pyrazolones with aryl sulphonyl hydrazides in the presence of p-toluenesulphonic acid, which has been proposed to promote the reaction by facilitating the decomposition of sulphonyl hydrazides. This journal is

Iodine-Catalyzed Mono- and Disulfenylation of Indoles in PEG400 through a Facile Microwave-Assisted Process

An iodine-catalyzed versatile and green method for the synthesis of mono- and 2,3-disulfenylindoles was developed. Various indoles reacted with sodium alkyl- and arylsulfinates by using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent in PEG400 under microwave conditions. This simple method enabled the rapid synthesis of mono- and 2,3-disulfenylindoles in good to excellent yields under metal-free conditions. Furthermore, this protocol is environmentally friendly, odorless, and operationally easy and can be performed within short reaction times under mild reaction conditions with excellent functional-group tolerance.

Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C2-Biarylation of Indoles

Biaryl and indole units are important structural motifs in several bioactive molecules and functional materials. We have accomplished straightforward access to C2-biarylated indole derivatives through palladium-catalyzed C-H activation strategy with a bro

Recyclable Cellulose-Derived Fe3O4@Pd NPs for Highly Selective C–S Formation by Heterogeneously C–H Sulfenylation of Indoles

Abstract: An efficient and convenient method was developed for the preparation of 3-sulfenylindoles via a cellulose-derived Fe3O4@Pd NPs catalyzed heterogeneously C–H sulfenylation of indoles. This approach provides an effective synthetic route to an important class of indoles derivatives and features high efficiency, easy operation, good practicality, and environmental friendliness. The recoverable catalyst was separated from the reaction mixture using an outside magnetic field and can be recycled five times without huge loss of catalytic performance. Graphic Abstract: An efficient method was developed for the preparation of 3-sulfenylindoles via cellulose-derived Fe3O4@Pd NPs catalyzed heterogeneously C–H sulfenylation of indoles.[Figure not available: see fulltext.].

Synergistic Dual Role of [hmim]Br-ArSO2Cl in Cascade Sulfenylation-Halogenation of Indole: Mechanistic Insight into Regioselective C-S and C-S/C-X (X = Cl and Br) Bond Formation in One Pot

Bifunctionalized indoles are an important class of biologically active heterocyclic compounds and potential drug candidates. Because of the lack of efficient synthetic methods, one pot cascade synthesis of these compounds is rare and remains a challenge.

Synthesis of a new series of Ni(II), Cu(II), Co(II) and Pd(II) complexes with an ONS donor Schiff base: Crystal structure, DFT study and catalytic investigation of palladium and nickel complexes towards deacylative sulfenylation of active methylenes and regioselective 3-sulfenylation of indoles: Via thiouronium salt formation

A series of Ni(ii), Cu(ii), Co(ii), and Pd(ii) complexes have been synthesized with a chelating Schiff base ligand coordinated to a metal center with ONS donor atoms. The ligand and complexes are characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques like FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The single crystal structure of the Pd(ii) complex is obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis and exhibits slightly distorted square planar geometry. The structure is optimized by DFT, TD-DFT calculation to elaborate the electronic structure and NBO for the charge distribution analysis of the Pd(ii) complex. The synthesized Pd(ii) and Ni(ii) complexes as catalysts have been investigated in the C-S cross-coupling of indoles and active methylenes. The metal propelled regioselective transformation afforded 3-sulfenylated indoles while β-diketones favored deacylated monosulfenyl ketones in an excellent yield via thiouronium salt formation. The Pd(ii) complex displays slightly better reactivity whereas the Ni(ii) complex is cost-efficient. The method is fast, easy to handle and cost effective in terms of high reactivity of catalysts, use of non-toxic solvents, and cheaper aryl halides and thiourea replace conventional sulfur sources, providing a practical access to organic transformations.

Combined experimental/theoretical study on d-glucosamine promoted regioselective sulfenylation of indoles catalyzed by copper

A combined experimental/theoretical investigation on the d-glucosamine promoted sulfenylation of indoles at the C3 position with sodium sulfinates catalyzed by copper is presented. The C3-sulfenylation of indoles shows good functional-group tolerance and yields. The 3-I-indole was identified as a crucial intermediate in the catalytic cycle. The catalytic role of [Cu(DMSO)2]2+ was addressed using quantum chemical calculations. In the interaction of [Cu(DMSO)2]2+ with indole, the [Cu(DMSO)2]2+ complex abstracts a hydrogen from the C3 of indole. The electronic origin for selective C-H bond activation of indole was revealed.

C3 Sulfenylation of N-Heteroarenes in Water under Catalyst-Free Conditions

A method for the catalyst-free C–H sulfenylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines by using sulfonothioates as an odorless thioarylated reagent in aqueous medium was developed. This protocol was used for a variety of substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with broad functional-group tolerance and was extended to the sulfenylation of indoles and imidazothiazoles. The sulfonothioates were activated exclusively in aqueous medium rather than in an organic solvent, and the feasibility of the process for scale-up studies was demonstrated.

Cooperative catalysis by bovine serum albumin-iodine towards cascade oxidative coupling-C(sp2)-H sulfenylation of indoles/hydroxyaryls with thiophenols on water

Cooperative cascade catalysis by bovine serum albumin (BSA)-iodine allows for the first time the performance of C(sp2)-H sulfenylation of indole from readily available thiophenol (-SH bond) via in situ generation/cleavage of disulfide (S-S bond