150-96-9

Usage

Uses

Used in Sports Nutrition:
HMB is used as a dietary supplement for athletes and fitness enthusiasts to support their exercise and training goals. It is known for its potential to:
1. Enhance muscle growth: HMB may stimulate muscle protein synthesis, leading to increased muscle mass and strength.
2. Reduce muscle breakdown: By inhibiting the activity of enzymes responsible for muscle protein degradation, HMB can help minimize muscle damage and soreness after intense exercise.
3. Improve athletic performance: HMB supplementation may enhance endurance, strength, and overall performance in various sports and physical activities.
Used in Combating Muscle Wasting Conditions:
HMB is used as a therapeutic agent in the management of muscle wasting conditions, such as:
1. Sarcopenia: HMB may help slow down the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, improving the quality of life in older adults.
2. Cachexia: In conditions like cancer and chronic diseases, HMB supplementation may help counteract muscle wasting and improve overall physical health and wellness.
Used in Fitness and Bodybuilding Industry:
HMB is used as a performance-enhancing supplement in the fitness and bodybuilding industry to:
1. Support muscle hypertrophy: HMB may contribute to increased muscle size and definition, which is desirable in bodybuilding.
2. Aid in recovery: By reducing muscle breakdown and promoting muscle repair, HMB can help athletes and bodybuilders recover more quickly from intense workouts.

Upstream product

• 1569-44-4 Methylethylallylcarbinol 
• 31033-23-5 ethyl 3-hydroxy-3-methylpentenoate 
• 51302-90-0 Methyl 3-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoate 
• 674-26-0 mevalonolactone 
• 19866-51-4 (Z)-3-methyl-2-pentenoic acid 
• 7664-93-9 sulfuric acid 
• 19866-50-3 (E)-3-methylpent-2-enoic acid 
• 41653-94-5 (Z)-3-Methyl-3-pentenoic Acid 
• 64-19-7 acetic acid 
• 78-93-3 butanone 

Downstream Products

• 41653-93-4 trans-Δ²-3-methylpentenoic acid 
• 19866-18-3 (+/-)-erythro-N-Benzyl-β-hydroxy-isoleucin 
• 19866-56-9 (+/-)-threo-β-Methoxy-isoleucin 
• 19866-56-9 (+/-)-erythro-β-Methoxy-isoleucin 
• 19866-51-4 (Z)-3-methyl-2-pentenoic acid 
• 64190-48-3 dihydro-4-methyl-2(3H)-furanone 
• 10438-44-5 (-)-kaur-16-en-19-ol 
• 5095-09-0 kaurenoic acid 
• 77280-78-5 ent-kaura-6,16-dien-19-oic acid 
• 33879-72-0 3-methyl-1,3-pentanediol 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Synthesis and antitumour activity of β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin analogues

A series of novel β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin analogues bearing oxygen-containing substituents at the side-chain hydroxyl of shikonin were designed and synthesized. The cytotoxicities of these compounds were evaluated in vitro against multi-drug resistant (MDR) cell lines DU-145 and HeLa. Most compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activity on both cell lines. The structure-activity relationship showed the analogues with ether substituents displayed the most potent antitumour activity and selective cytotoxicity towards DU-145. Among the compounds with ether substituents, increasing the steric hindrance in the carbon bearing β-hydroxyl or replace the β-hydroxyl with acetoxy or methoxy would lead to the decline of cytotoxicity.

A convenient generation of acetic acid dianion

The lithium enediolate of acetic acid can be generated efficiently, as a 0.5 M solution in THF, using lithium amides prepared from n-butyllithium in THF and either diethylamine or 1,3,3-trimethyl-6-azabicyclo-(3.2.1)-octane (AZA). Its reaction with carbon

Synthesis of perhydrooxazinones from 2-aza-3-trimethylsilyloxy-1,3- butadiene. A general route to 3,3-disubstituted-β-hydroxy acids

1-Phenyl-2-aza-3-trimethylsilyloxy-1,3-butadiene reacts with aliphatic, aromatic and cyclic ketones to give in good to excellent yields 6,6- disubstituted-1,3-perhydro-oxazin-4-ones which, in turn, have been readily converted into β-hydroxy carboxylic acids.

Structural characterization of substrates for the anion exchange transporter in Caco-2 cells

The present study was conducted to characterize the structural specificity of an anion exchange transporter in intestinal epithelial cells. The transport of carboxylic acids with hydroxyl group(s) at the 2, 3, 4, and/or 5 positions with respect to carboxylate was examined by using Caco-2 cells in the presence of bicarbonate ions on the basolateral side to enhance the activity of the anion-exchange transporter. In the presence of the bicarbonate ion gradient, transport of L-lactic acid consisted of a saturable process and a nonsaturable process as judged from the Eadie-Hofstee plot. The transport of L-lactic acid at 1 μM was reduced by sodium azide, dinitrophenol, and 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS). It was also reduced by 2-, 4-, and 5-hydroxycarboxylic acids such as hydroxyacetic acid, 4-hydroxybutyric acid, and 5-hydroxydecanoic acid, but not by 3-hydroxycarboxylic acids such as 3-hydroxypropionic acid and 3- hydroxybutyric acid. Transport of both 2- and 4-hydroxybutyric acids involved saturable and nonsaturable processes, whereas that of 3-hydroxybutyric acid was nonsaturable and was not inhibited by DIDS. These results indicate that 3-hydroxycarboxylic acids might not be substrates for this anion exchange transporter in intestinal epithelial cells, suggesting that the position of hydroxylation is significant for molecular recognition by the transporter.

Enantioselective Hydrolysis of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylalkanoic Acid Esters with Pig Liver Esterase

Pig liver esterase has been shown to stereoselectively hydrolyze the R enantiomer of several chiral 3-hydroxy-3-methylalkanoic acid esters of the form RC(Me)(OH)CH2COOR', where R = Et, CH2=CHCH2, Me(CH2)5, (MeO)2CHCH2, and PhCH2OCH2CH2 and R'= Me or Et.The unhydrolyzed ester and the reesterified carboxylic acid were analyzed for enantiomeric purity by NMR using the chiral shift reagent Eu(hfc)3.For the compounds studied, the S enantiomers consistently showed greater induced shifts.Products of the resolution are potential intermediates in the preparation of compactin analogues having defined stereochemistry at carbon-3.These analogues will be useful in testing the hypothesis that the hypocholesterolemic activity of compactin and its analogues resides in their ability to mimic the binding of mevaldic acid coenzyme A hemithioacetal to HMG-CoA reductase but not be reduced to mevalonate.

Mevalonic acid analogs as inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis

A series of 20 mevalonic acid analogs were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis from [2-14C]-mevalonate in rat liver homogenates. Removal of the 5-hydroxyl group from mevalonic acid produced an active inhibitor, 3-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid. Removal of the 3-hydroxyl group, addition of an aromatic group in the 3-position, or insertion of a double bond reduced inhibitory activity. Compounds with an aromatic group or halide on the 5-position were active inhibitors. The most active inhibitor was 5-phenylpentanoic acid, with 50% inhibition at 0.064 mM.

Soil fungi inhibiting agent

Soil fungi-inhibiting agent containing as the active ingredient one or more of the compounds represented by the following general formula STR1 wherein I. WHEN BOTH X and Y are oxygen atoms, Z is hydrogen atom, unsubstituted alkyl group, unsubstituted alkenyl group, STR2 (in this case the compound is p-toluene sulfonate), NH2 CH2 -- (in this case the compound is p-toluene sulfonate), acyl group, ClCH2 CONH--, or alkyl group substituted by substituents such as R1 COO--, CH3 COS--, R2 O--, R2 S--, HO--, HOOC--, CH3 CONH--, acyl group, alkoxyacyl group, where R1 is lower-alkyl group or alkenyl group, R2 is lower-alkyl group or benzyl group; Ii. when X is oxygen and Y is sulfur or --NH--, Z is lower alkyl group; Iii. when X is sulfur and Y is oxygen, Z is lower-alkyl group, acetylmethyl group, methoxymethyl group, 2-methyl-1-propynyl group or nitromethyl group; Iv. when X is sulfur and Y is --NH--, Z is lower-alkyl group.