15500-04-6Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Ionic-liquid-assisted synthesis of nanostructured and carbon-coated Li 3V2(PO4)3 for high-power electrochemical storage devices
Zhang, Xiaofei,Boeckenfeld, Nils,Berkemeier, Frank,Balducci, Andrea
, p. 1710 - 1718 (2014)
Carbon-coated Li3V2(PO4)3 (LVP) displaying nanostructured morphology can be easily prepared by using ionic-liquid-assisted sol-gel synthesis. The selection of highly viscous and thermally stable ionic liquids might promote the formation of nanostructures during the sol-gel synthesis. The presence of these structures shortens the diffusion paths and enlarges the contact area between the active material and the electrolyte; this leads to a significant improvement in lithium-ion diffusion. At the same time, the use of ionic liquids has a positive influence on the coating of the LVP particles, which improves the electronic conductivity of this material; this leads to enhanced charge-transfer properties. At a high current density of 40 C, the LVP/N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide material delivered a reversible capacity of approximately 100 mA h g-1, and approximately 99 % of the initial capacity value was retained even after 100 cycles at 50 C. The excellent high rate and cycling stability performance make Li3V2(PO 4)3 prepared by ionic-liquid-assisted sol-gel synthesis a very promising cathode material for high-power electrochemical storage devices. Storage solutions: Carbon-coated Li3V2(PO 4)3 displaying nanostructured morphology is easily prepared by using ionic-liquid-assisted sol-gel synthesis. This material displays improved lithium-ion diffusion and electronic conductivity and thus enhanced charge-transfer properties. Li3V2(PO 4)3 prepared by this sol-gel route is a very promising cathode material for high-power electrochemical storage devices.
Template-free synthesis of hierarchical vanadium-glycolate hollow microspheres and their conversion to V2O5 with improved lithium storage capability
Pan, Anqiang,Zhu, Ting,Wu, Hao Bin,Lou, Xiong Wen
, p. 494 - 500 (2013)
Nanosheet-assembled hierarchical V2O5 hollow microspheres are successfully obtained from V-glycolate precursor hollow microspheres, which in turn are synthesized by a simple template-free solvothermal method. The structural evolution of the V-glycolate hollow microspheres has been studied and explained by the inside-out Ostwald-ripening mechanism. The surface morphologies of the hollow microspheres can be controlled by varying the mixture solution and the solvothermal reaction time. After calcination in air, hierarchical V2O5 hollow microspheres with a high surface area of 70 m2 g-1 can be obtained and the structure is well preserved. When evaluated as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, the as-prepared hierarchical V2O5 hollow spheres deliver a specific discharge capacity of 144 mA h g-1 at a current density of 100 mA g-1, which is very close to the theoretical capacity (147 mA h g-1) for one Li+ insertion per V2O5. In addition, excellent rate capability and cycling stability are observed, suggesting their promising use in lithium-ion batteries. Copyright
Layered hybrid phase Li2NaV2(PO4)3/carbon dot nanocomposite cathodes for Li+/Na+ mixed-ion batteries
Wang, Jichao,Zhang, Xudong,He, Wen,Yue, Yuanzheng,Wang, Yaoyao,Zhang, Chuanjiang
, p. 2658 - 2666 (2017)
Hybrid phase Li2NaV2(PO4)3 (H-LNVP) is one of the most promising cathode materials for Li+/Na+ mixed-ion batteries. Here we have successfully synthesized layered hybrid phase Li2NaV2(PO4)3/carbon dot (H-LNVP/CD) nanocomposites via a simple sol-gel and carbon thermal reduction method and its inserted-extracted mechanism is investigated. As a novel composite cathode, H-LNVP/CD nanocomposite cathode delivers 158 mA h g-1 of reversible capacity at 0.1C in a Li+/Na+ mixed-ion cell with the electrochemically active redox reactions of V3+/V4+ and V4+/V5+, which is far higher than single phase contrastive samples. The cell exhibits one main high voltage plateau with well-defined discharge voltage near 3.7 V, and a coulombic efficiency of approximate 100 percent at 10C. Because the carbon dots on the surface of layered H-LNVP nanoparticles can remarkably enhance their electronic conductivity, the cell still exhibits a higher specific capacity of about 89.4 mA h g-1 at 10C. These results are attributed to the nanocomposite structure of H-LNVP and CDs. This work will contribute to the development of Li+/Na+ mixed-ion batteries.
Synthesis and thermal stability of W-doped VO2 nanocrystals
Kong,Li,Pan,Zhang,Li
, p. 2100 - 2104 (2011)
Pure and W-doped vanadium dioxide nanocrystals have been synthesized by using V2O5 and oxalic acid as precursors via a thermolysis method. The VO2 nanocrystals have a nearly spherical morphology with size ranging from 50 to 100 nm. The metal-insulator transition (MIT) temperature of the nanocrystals decreases with increasing W-doping content. The successive heat-induced fatigue character of the MIT in W-doped VO2 nanocrystals was investigated by DSC analysis together with structural study, and a high stability upon heating-cooling cycles was found with respect to MIT temperature, peak temperature and latent heat of the phase transition.
Structural dynamics of molybdenum vanadium oxide (MoVOx): Influence of activation condition
Suppiah, Durga Devi,Komar, Anna,Hamid, Sharifah Bee Abd
, p. 1367 - 1376 (2017)
Molybdenum and vanadium oxides were known to be an effective catalyst for light olefin (propane) activation for conversion to value-added chemicals. However, it is difficult to control the selectivity to desired product whereby subsequent reaction can lead to coking and rapid catalyst deactivation. One of the key ways to improve on the above limitation is to optimise and control the molybdenum phase structure, particularly during catalyst precursor activation stage. This paper demonstrates the combination of optimal in situ activation under different condition and thermal analysis for structural control that can help to guide and gain an insight into the structure–activity relationship of the nanostructured catalyst system. In situ XRD analysis reveals the crystallization of molybdenum vanadium oxide was highly influenced by the activation condition hence exhibiting different structural properties. Activation under Air at 300?°C forms highly crystalline hexagonal phase and transforms to thermodynamically stable orthorhombic (o-MoO3) phase at 450?°C. Activation under inert (helium) reveals the precursor remains amorphous until nanostructuring occurs at 450?°C. The precursor further transforms to the thermodynamically stable crystallized tetragonal phase (Mo5O14) at 500?°C. The obtained structural transition information is important in order to control and identify the catalytic active phase that is suitable for a particular reaction.
Superstructure ZrV2O7 nanofibres: Thermal expansion, electronic and lithium storage properties
Li, Qidong,Zhao, Yanming,Kuang, Quan,Fan, Qinghua,Dong, Youzhong,Liu, Xudong
, p. 32160 - 32168 (2016)
ZrV2O7 has attracted much attention as a negative thermal expansion (NTE) material due to its isotropic negative structure. However, rarely has investigation of the lithium storage behaviors been carried out except our first report on it. Meanwhile, the electrochemical behaviors and energy storage characteristics have not been studied in depth and will be explored in this article. Herein, we report on the synthesis, characterization and lithium intercalation mechanism of superstructure ZrV2O7 nanofibres that were prepared through a facile solution-based method with a subsequent annealing process. The thermal in situ XRD technique combined with the Rietveld refinement method is adopted to analyze the change in the temperature-dependent crystal structure. Benefiting from the nanostructured morphology and relatively high electronic conductivity, it presents acceptable cyclic stability and rate capability. According to the operando evolution of the XRD patterns obtained from electrochemical in situ measurements, the Li intercalation mechanism of the solid solution process with a subsequent conversion reaction can be concluded. Finally, the amorphous state of the electrodes after the initial fully discharged state can effectively enhance the electrochemical performances.
Synthesis of biocarbon coated Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material for lithium ion batteries using recycled tea
Wei, Chuanliang,He, Wen,Zhang, Xudong,Liu, Shujiang,Jin, Chao,Liu, Shikun,Huang, Zhen
, p. 28662 - 28669 (2015)
A biocarbon coated Li3V2(PO4)3/C (LVP-C) cathode material was synthesized by a facile sol-gel method using recycled tea as both the structural template and biocarbon source. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that LVP has a monoclinic structure with space group P21/n. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images show that the LVP nanoparticles are surrounded by amorphous biocarbon, and the thickness of the biocarbon shell is about 10-20 nm. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the LVP-C nanocomposite shows a significantly better rate capability and cycling performance than pure LVP. In the potential range of 3.0-4.3 V, the LVP-C nanocomposite delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 132 mA h g-1 at 0.5 C, and maintains an initial discharge capacity of 110 mA h g-1 at 10 C. After 80 cycles at 10 C, it still retains a discharge capacity of 110 mA h g-1. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements have disclosed that the LVP-C sample exhibits enhanced electrode reaction kinetics and improved electrochemical performance. The good electrochemical performance of the LVP-C nanocomposite is mainly related to the presence of the conductive biocarbon, thus leading to an improvement in the electron and lithium ion diffusivity. These results indicate that the biocarbon coated LVP-C material is a promising candidate for large capacity and high power cathode materials in next generation lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles.
The influence of support on ammoxidation of 3-picoline over vanadia catalyst
Roy, Shyam Kishore,Dutta,Nandi,Yadav,Mondal,Ray,Mitra, Swapan,Samuel
, p. 211 - 215 (2004)
The influence of high content of MoO3 (32 mol%) in V 2O5-MoO3-P2O5 catalyst system supported on alumina, silica, HZSM-5 and modified clay was investigated for ammoxidation of 3-picoline. Un
The synthesis and structure of a single-phase, nanocrystalline MoVW mixed-oxide catalyst of the Mo5O14 type
Knobl,Zenkovets,Kryukova,Ovsitser,Niemeyer,Schloegl,Mestl
, p. 177 - 187 (2003)
The different preparation steps are characterized for the single-phase, crystalline, ternary oxide (MoVW)5O14, which is important for catalytic, mild selective oxidation reactions. For the synthesis of this oxide, solutions of ammonium heptamolybdate, ammonium metatungstate, and vanadyl oxalate were spray-dried followed by different thermal treatments. The structures of the materials formed at each preparation step, starting from the precursor to the final product, were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermal analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy was also applied to shed some light into the aqueous chemistry of the mixed precursor solutions. Raman data indicate that a molecular structure which seems to be closely related to that of the final crystalline Mo5O14-type oxide is already formed in solution. X-ray diffraction revealed that the thermal treatment steps strongly affect the degree of crystallinity of the ternary Mo5O14 oxide. Transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive microanalysis confirmed the presence of V and W in the molybdenum oxide particles and gave evidence for the (010) plane as the most developed face of the crystals of this phase. Details of the structural transformation of this system at the different preparation and calcination steps are discussed in relation to their performance in the selective partial oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid.
Designing a facile low cost synthesis strategy for the Na-V-S-O systems, NaV(SO4)2, Na3V(SO4)3 and Na2VO(SO4)2
Driscoll,Wright,Slater
, p. 13535 - 13542 (2018)
Alkali metal transition metal sulfates have attracted considerable interest as potential electrodes for Na ion battery materials. While there has been significant research on Fe based systems, research on V based systems has been lacking, apart from a recent report on Na2VO(SO4)2. This can be related to the complex synthetic routes previously reported to make sodium vanadium sulfate systems. In this paper, we report a simple route towards the synthesis of three such sodium vanadium sulfate systems, NaV(SO4)2, Na2VO(SO4)2, and Na3V(SO4)3. We analyse the resulting products through X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy to highlight the formation of high quality samples via this simple solution route, with subsequent low temperature (400 °C) heat treatment. This facile new route will allow these materials to be considered for future applications rather than as simply chemical curiosities.
