158876-82-5

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Rupatadine fumarate is used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria in adults and children over 12 years. It serves to alleviate symptoms by blocking the action of histamine and platelet-activating factor, which are key mediators in allergic responses.
Used in Chemical Synthesis:
Rupatadine fumarate is also utilized as an intermediate in the synthesis of Rupatadine (5-Methyl-3-pyridinyl)methyl)pyridinium Chloride (M326740), which is an impurity of Rupatadine (R701650). This synthesis is crucial for the development of new compounds with potential applications in the treatment of various conditions, including allergies and other histamine-related disorders.

Biological Activity

Rupatadine is an antagonist of histamine H1 and platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptors. It binds to rabbit platelet membranes and guinea pig cerebellum membranes with apparent Ki values of 0.55 and 0.1 μM, respectively, in radioligand binding assays. It inhibits contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum induced by histamine (pA2 = 9.29) and platelet aggregation induced by PAF in washed rabbit platelets (pA2 = 6.68). Rupatadine prevents histamine- or PAF-induced hypotension in rats (ID50s = 1.4 and 0.44 mg/kg, respectively) and reverses histamine- or PAF-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs (ID50s = 113 and 9.6 mg/kg, respectively). It does not reduce locomotor activity or potentiate sleep induced by barbiturates in mice, indicating a lack of sedative effects.

Pharmacokinetics

Rupatadine was rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with a time taken to reach the maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) of 1 hour (median value). The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) obtained after single and repeated doses of 10 mg rupatadine were from 1.54 to 4.03 ng/mL and from 1.99 to 4.74 ng/mL respectively. Steady state was reached by the fifth day of therapy without extensive accumulation and the plasma concentration-time curve during a time dose interval (AUCτ) ranged from 8.37 to 16.2 ng.h/mL. Pharmacokinetics of rupatadine was linear for a dose between 10 and 20 mg after single and repeated doses. The plasma concentration followed a bi-exponential drop-off with a mean elimination half-life after a single dose of 6.1 hours.

Side effects

Common side effects (may affect up to 1 in 10 people):Sleepiness, headache, dizziness, dry mouth, sensation of weakness and fatigue.Uncommon side effects (may affect up to 1 in 100 people):Increased appetite, irritability, difficulty concentrating, nosebleed, nasal dryness, sore throat, cough, dry throat, rhinitis, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, indigestion, vomiting, constipation, rash, back pain, joint pain, muscle pain, thirst, general discomfort, fever, abnormal liver function test and increased weight.

Mode of action

Rupatadine is a second generation, non-sedating, long-acting histamine antagonist with selective peripheral H1receptor antagonist activity. It further blocks the receptors of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) according to in vitro and in vivo studies.Rupatadine possesses anti-allergic properties such as the inhibition of the degranulation of mast cells induced by immunological and non-immunological stimuli, and inhibition of the release of cytokines, particularly of the tumor necrosis factors (TNF) in human mast cells and monocytes.

InChI:InChI=1/C26H26ClN3.C4H4O4/c1-18-13-19(16-28-15-18)17-30-11-8-20(9-12-30)25-24-7-6-23(27)14-22(24)5-4-21-3-2-10-29-26(21)25;5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h2-3,6-7,10,13-16H,4-5,8-9,11-12,17H2,1H3;1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/b;2-1+

Upstream product

• 182354-92-3 3-bromo-5-methylpyridine hydrochloride 
• 100643-71-8 descarboethoxyloratadine 
• 591-22-0 3,5-Lutidine 
• 29681-45-6 5-methylnicotinic acid methyl ester 
• 102074-19-1 (5-methylpyridin-3-yl)methanol 
• 3222-49-9 5-methylnicotinic acid 
• 1007089-84-0 3-(chloromethyl)-5-methylpyridine hydrogen chloride 
• 120276-47-3 3-(bromomethyl)-5-methylpyridine 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Preparation process of Rupatadine

The invention discloses a rupatadine preparation process, which comprises: S1, preparing methyl 5-methylnicotinate; S2, preparing 5-methyl-3-pyridinemethanol; S3, preparing 3-methyl-5-chloromethylpyridine hydrochloride; and S4, preparing rupatadine. According to the present invention, the preparation process has advantages of low cost, mild reaction condition, simple operation, low requirement onequipment, good product purity and high yield, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

An improved process for the preparation of Rupatadine Fumarate

The present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of Rupatadine Fumarate of Formula-1 resulting product which is substantially free from di-alcohols, dimer and quaternary impurities.

NOVEL CRYSTALLINE FORM OF RUPATADINE FREE BASE

The present invention relates to a novel crystalline form of rupatadine free base, process for its preparation and to a pharmaceutical composition containing it. In accordance with the present invention rupatadine is suspended in n-hexane, n-heptane, cyclohexane, diethyl ether or diisopropyl ether, stirred for at least 1 hour, filtered the solid and dried to give crystalline rupatadine form-B. The isolation of novel rupatadine free base as crystalline form-B may be useful as a purification of rupatadine or a salt thereof.

Expedient synthesis of rupatadine

Rupatadine, a new potent, orally active dual antagonist of histamine and platelet-activating factor (PAF), has been synthesized in 91% overall yield. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

A NOVEL CRYSTALLINE FORM OF RUPATADINE FREE BASE

The present invention relates to a novel crystalline form of rupatadine free base, process for its preparation and to a pharmaceutical composition containing it. In accordance with the present invention rupatadine is suspended in n-hexane, n-heptane, cyclohexane, diethyl ether or diisopropyl ether, stirred for at least 1 hour, filtered the solid and dried to give crystalline rupatadine form-B. The isolation of novel rupatadine free base as crystalline form-B may be useful as a purification of rupatadine or a salt thereof.

A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF RUPATADINE

Rupatadine is synthesized by phase transfer catalysed N-alkylation of Desloratadine in biphasic solvent system using aqueous alkali by reaction of a compound of formula (I), with Desloratadine at temperature up to 500C , wherein solvent selected is water immiscible organic solvent. Rupatadine is further converted to Rupatadine fumarate by reaction of Rupatadine in ketonic solvent with an alcoholic solution of fumaric acid.

8-chloro-11-[1-[(5-methyl-3-pyridyl)methyl]-4-piperidyliden]-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,]pyridine

The present invention relates to 8-chloro-11-[1-[(5-methyl-3-pyridyl)methyl]-4-piperidyliden]-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine, to a process for its preparation and to pharmaceutical compositions containing it. This compound is a dual PAF antagonist and antihistamine.

[(3-Pyridylalkyl)piperidylidene]benzocycloheptapyridine derivatives as dual antagonists of PAF and histamine

A series of [(3-pyridylalkyl)piperidylidene]- and (nicotinoylpiperidylidene)benzocycloheptapyridine derivatives, Ia,b, were prepared and evaluated for PAF antagonist and H1 antihistamine activity. PAF antagonist activity was investigated by the in vitro PAF-induced platelet aggregation assay (PPA) and the in vivo PAF-induced hypotension test in rats (PH) and mortality test in mice (PM). For the evaluation of H1 antihistamine activity, the in vitro histamine-induced contraction of the guinea-pig ileum assay (HC) and the in vivo histamine-induced hypotension test (HH) in normotensive rats were used. The potential antiallergic activity of the compounds was evaluated using the active anaphylactic shock test in mice. These compounds are structurally related to loratadine (1) and were generated by replacement of the ethoxycarbonyl group of 1 with substituted 3- pyridylmethyl and nicotinoyl moieties. Both anti-PAF and H1 antihistamine activities have shown a high dependence on the exact nature and position of the substituent in the pyridine ring. Optimum structure 19 (UR-12592) incorporating a (5-methyl-3-pyridyl)methyl radical displayed an unique dual activity inhibiting both PAF-induced effects (PPA, IC50 = 3.7 μM; PH, ID50 = 0.44 mg/kg iv; PM, ID50 = 1.9 mg/kg po) and histamine-induced effects (HC, IC50 = 3.9 nM; HH, ID50 = 1.4 mg/kg iv). Furthermore, 19 was highly active in the passive cutaneous anaphylactic shock in rats (ID50 = 1.2 mg/kg po) and strongly protected mice and rats from mortality induced by endotoxin (ID50 = 1.2 and 0.5 mg/kg iv, respectively). Compound 19 showed itself to be devoid of CNS depressant effects, neither modifying spontaneous motor activity nor prolonging barbiturate-sleeping time in mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg po, and is now under development.