162316-53-2Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Suggested improved method for the Ing-Manske and related reactions for the second step of gabriel synthesis of primary amines
Ariffin, Azhar,Khan, Mohammad Niyaz,Lan, Lai Chwee,May, Fan Yen,Yun, Chien Siew
, p. 4439 - 4445 (2007/10/03)
This work demonstrates an improvement in the Ing-Manske and related procedures by the increase of pH of the reaction mixture after the complete disappearance of N-substituted phthalimide. Hydrazinolysis of N-phenylphthalimide (1a) gave 80% of the desired primary amines after 5.3 h in the absence of added NaOH. The reaction time was reduced to 1.6 h and 1.2 h when 1 eq. and 5eq. of NaOH were added to the reaction mixture after the complete disappearance of 1a. Hydroxyaminolysis of N-(4-ethylphenyl)phthalimide (1b) gave 80% of the desired primary amines after 7.5 h of reaction time (at added [NaOH] = 0). When 10 eq. and 20 eq. of NaOH were added to the reaction mixture after the disappearance of Ib, the reaction time was reduced to 4 h and 2 h, respectively. Methylaminolysis of N-(2-ethylphenyl)phthalimide (1c) gave 80% of the desired primary amines after 1.7 h (at added [NaOH] = 0). The reaction time was reduced to 1 h and 0.7 h when 1 eq. and 25 eq. of NaOH were added to the reaction mixture after the complete disappearance of 1c.
Nucleophilic reactions of N-hydroxy-,methoxy-,2,3-epoxypropoxy-phthalimides
Ranadive, V. B.,Khadilkar, B. M.,Samant, S. D.
, p. 1175 - 1177 (2007/10/02)
Reaction of N-hydroxyphthalimide (4) with equivalent amounts of aliphatic and aromatic primary amines gives the N-substituted phthalimides (7), while with excess of these amines if gives the diamides (8) of phthalic acid.The reaction of 4 with t-butyl amine gives only the butyl monoamide (9a) of phthaloylhydroxamic acid.N-Methoxyphthalimide (5) reacts in the same manner.Compound 4 does not condense with epichlorohydrin, but condense with epibromohydrin to give N-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)phthalimide (6) which on reaction with equivalent amounts of aliphatic primary amines gives the N-substituted phthalimides (7) and with excess of the amines it gives the diamides (8) of phthalic acid.The reaction of 6 with aromatic primary amines gives only the N-arylphthalimides.Secondary amines do not react with 6.
