167281-96-1

Upstream product

• 156463-85-3 3-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazole-4-carbonitrile 
• 167281-92-7 4-aminofurazan-3-carboxamidrazone 
• 246048-72-6 3-Aminofurazan-4-carboxylic acid hydrazide 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Thermostable and insensitivity furazan energetic complexes: Syntheses, structures and modified combustion performance for ammonium perchlorate

It is an important issue to balance energy and sensitivity in the construction of high energy materials. Herein, two furozacycline energetic complexes ([Zn(HTZF)(H2O)3]·H2O (1) and [Co(HTZF)(H2O)3]·2H2O (2) (HTZF = 3-hydroxyl-4-(tetrazol-5-yl)furazan)) were hydrothermally synthesized. Single crystal X-ray diffraction shows that in 1, energetic ligand adopting bidentate chelating coordination mode coordinates to Zn2+. The coordinated units Zn(HTZF)2(H2O)2 and Zn(H2O)4 are alternatively linked to an infinite chain through nitrogen atom in furazan group, and with the aid of hydrogen bonding interaction, forming 3D supramolecule structure. Different in 2, ligand coordinates to Co2+ in bidentate chelating coordination and bridging coordination modes. π?π interaction further supports 3D framework stabilization. The thermal decomposition temperature of 1 and 2 are up to 293.0 °C and 295.8 °C, respectively. The heat of detonation (Q), detonation velocity (D), and detonation pressure (P), were evaluated to be, for 1: 1.123 kcal·g?1, 7.971 km·s?1 and 30.8 GPa; for 2: 2.165 kcal·g?1, 8.846 km·s?1 and 35.3 GPa. 1 and 2 are insensitive to impact and friction. As combustion promoter, both of complexes can effectively accelerate the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP).

The enhanced properties of energetic materials through ring replacement strategy

In order to meet the high demands of modern energetic materials, numerous routes have been explored by the researchers. In this study, a ring replacement strategy was designed to enhance the energetic properties. The ring replacement compounds 11 (N,N′-methylenebis (N-(4-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)- nitramide) and 15 (N,N′-ethylenebis (N-(4-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)- nitramide), in which the oxadiazole rings connected to the furazan backbone were replaced by tetrazole rings were characterized by x-ray single crystal diffraction and NMR (1H, 13C, 15N). The results compounds show that the heats of formation and detonation performance of the replacement compounds were significantly better than those of the precursor compounds, and the nitrogen content of compounds 11 and 15 were improved from 41.18% and 39.81% to54.9% and 53.08%, respectively, which belongs to the category of high nitrogen compounds. In a word, the ring replacement strategy in this work offers fresh routes for the improvement in properties of energetic materials.

Synthesis, characterization and thermal properties of energetic compounds derived from 3-amino-4-(tetrazol-5-yl)furazan

Five energetic compounds, 3,3-bis(tetrazol-5-yl)-4,4-azofurazan (DTZAF), 3-nitro-4-(tetrazol-5-yl)furazan (NTZF), hydrazinium 3-amino-4-(tetrazol-5-yl) furazan (HATZF), triaminoguanidinium 3-amino-4-(tetrazol-5-yl)furazan (TAGATZF) and guanylureaium 3-amino-4-(tetrazol-5-yl)furazan (MATZF), were prepared using 3-amino-4-(tetrazol-5-yl)furazan (ATZF) as starting material and their structures were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. The properties of NTZF were estimated: density is 1.67 g/cm3, enthalpy of formation +415.41 kJ/mol and detonation velocity 8257.83 m/s. The main thermal properties of four compounds, DTZAF, HATZF, TAGATZF and MATZF, were analyzed by TG and DSC techniques and the results showed that their melting points are 251.9, 159.7, 205.4 and 211.4 °C, respectively, and their first decomposition temperatures are 256.7, 258.6, 231.7 and 268.6 °C, respectively. The fact that their decomposition temperatures were over 230 °C showed that they exhibit better thermal stability.

Synthesis, crystal structure, and thermal properties of Ni(NH3)4(AFT)2

Ni(NH3)4(AFT)2 [NiC6H16N18O2, AFT = 4-amino-3-(5-tetrazolate)furazan] is synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for the first time. X-ray diffraction measurements are used to determine the crystal structure of compound 1. The results demonstrate that compound 1 crystallized in the orthorhombic crystal system. The nickel(II) ion is six-coordinated by N atoms from two AFT-ligands and four NH3 molecules. Its thermal properties are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry methods, with the results demonstrating that the differential scanning calorimetry curve exhibits two endothermic and one exothermic processes. The endothermic processes are in the range of 130–510 °C with a peak temperature of 188 °C. The temperature from 230 to 400 °C is the exothermic process in which the peak temperature is 314.58 °C. In addition, Kissinger’s and Ozawa-Doyle’s methods are used for calculating the non-isothermal kinetics parameters. Moreover, the apparent activation energy (E), safety, and thermal stability parameters (TSADT, TTIT, Tb) for Ni(NH3)4(AFT)2 are calculated. In addition, the calculated thermodynamic functions (?S≠, ?H≠, and ?G≠) for the exothermic decomposition process of Ni(NH3)4(AFT)2 are 55.07 J mol?1 K?1, 196.18 kJ mol?1, and 164.90 kJ mol?1, respectively.

1D energetic metal–organic frameworks assembled with energetic combination of furazan and tetrazole

Two novel 1D Cd(II) energetic MOFs [Cd(NH2NH2)(AFT)2·0.7H2O]n (1) and [Cd(ODH)1.5(AFT)2·5H2O]n (2), combining the advantages of tetrazole-ring and furazan-ring, were successfully synthesized based on 2D energetic MOF [Cd(H2O)2(AFT)2]n (3, AFT = 4-amino-3-(5-tetrazolate)-furazan, ODH[dbnd]NH2NHCOCONHNH2[dbnd]oxalyl-dihydrazide). The crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and fully characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. The thermal stability and impact sensitivity were also investigated. For 1, 1D energetic MOF had an outstanding thermal stability (Tp > 300 °C) and insensitivity (IS > 24.5 J). In addition, the non-isothermal kinetics parameters, critical temperature of thermal explosion, entropy of activation, enthalpy of activation and free energy of activation were discussed in detail. For 2, it was revealed that the each Cd(II) cation is located in a unique hepta-coordination environment. Noticeably, tetrazole-ring of AFT group presents typical monodentate coordination mode, and ODH molecule presents typical tridentate and tetradentate coordination modes, featuring a one-dimensional chain structure. Therefore, the reasonable assembly strategy plays a decisive role in energetic properties of MOF-based energetic materials.

A new coordination compound based on 4-amino-3-(tetrazol-5-yl)-furazan (HAFT): preparation, crystal structure, and thermal properties

The green nitrogen-rich coordination compound Cd(SCZ)2(AFT)2 (1) (AFT =4-amino-3-(5-tetrazolate)-furazan and SCZ = semicarbazide) was first synthesized and characterized by EA and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). The single crystal was cultivated and determined with X-ray diffraction. It revealed that 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. A Cd2+ ion is coordinated by four N atoms and two O atoms to form a distorted octahedral structure. Among them, two nitrogen atoms are from the two AFT ions and the other four atoms are from two SCZ molecules. The thermal decomposition behavior of 1 was studied with DSC and TG-DTG methods. The apparent activation energy (E), thermal stability, and safety parameters (TSADT, TTIT, and Tb) were calculated for 1. Moreover, entropy of activation (ΔS≠), enthalpy of activation (ΔH≠), free energy of activation (ΔG≠), specific heat capacity (Cp), and impact sensitivity were also discussed in detail.

Preparation method of 3-amino-4-(5-tetrazole)furazan

The invention discloses a preparation method of 3-amino-4-(5-tetrazole)furazan. With 3-amino-4-cyanofurazan as a raw material, water is used as an organic solvent for replacing expensive organic solvents, and 3-amino-4-(5-tetrazole)furazan is synthesized at low temperature. The preparation method has the advantages of green environmental protection, low cost and wide sources; the reaction can be completed at the temperature of 40-50 DEG C, so the energy is saved; the water as the solvent is used for recrystallization to obtain the final product, the purity is 98.70%, and the productive rate is 91.8%.

Furazans with Azo Linkages: Stable CHNO Energetic Materials with High Densities, Highly Energetic Performance, and Low Impact and Friction Sensitivities

Various highly energetic azofurazan derivatives were synthesized by simple and efficient chemical routes. These nitrogen-rich materials were fully characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Four of them were further confirmed structurally by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These compounds exhibit high densities, ranging from 1.62 g cm?3up to a remarkably high 2.12 g cm?3for nitramine-substituted azofurazan DDAzF (2), which is the highest yet reported for an azofurazan-based CHNO energetic compound and is a consequence of the formation of strong intermolecular hydrogen-bonding networks. From the heats of formation, calculated with Gaussian 09, and the experimentally determined densities, the energetic performances (detonation pressure and velocities) of the materials were ascertained with EXPLO5 v6.02. The results suggest that azofurazan derivatives exhibit excellent detonation properties (detonation pressures of 21.8–46.1 GPa and detonation velocities of 6602–10 114 m s?1) and relatively low impact and friction sensitivities (6.0–80 J and 80–360 N, respectively). In particular, they have low electrostatic spark sensitivities (0.13–1.05 J). These properties, together with their high nitrogen contents, make them potential candidates as mechanically insensitive energetic materials with high-explosive performance.

Azo-furazan compound and preparing method thereof

The invention discloses an azo-furazan compound and a preparing method thereof. The preparing method includes the specific steps that malononitrile serves as a raw material and is reacted with an oxidizing agent to obtain an amino-oximido furazan intermediate; the amino-oximido furazan intermediate is reacted with different cyclization reagents (triethyl orthoformate, bromized nitrile, acetic anhydride, trifluoroacetic anhydride and the like) to obtain an amidogen-substituted furazan intermediate, then the furazan intermediate is reacted with potassium permanganate and hydrochloric acid of 10%-20%, and the azo-furazan compound is separated and precipitated. The preparing method is simple; compared with the prior art, azo-furazan compounds with different substituent groups can be prepared at a time in a high throughput mode, operation is safe, and cost is low.

Energetic materials containing fluorine. Design, synthesis and testing of furazan-containing energetic materials bearing a pentafluorosulfanyl group

The advantageous impact of a pentafluorosulfanyl substituent on the properties of furazan-containing energetic materials was demonstrated by the synthesis and study of the energetic properties of ten new compounds. The thermal stability of these compounds was evaluated by DSC and TGA, whereas densities, heats of formation, pressures of detonation and speeds of detonation were obtained computationally. On the basis of these data, it was concluded that the combination of the SF5 substituent with the furazan ring led to materials of higher density and predicted detonation properties than other known furazans or SF5-containing materials. In addition, the synthetic studies provided insight regarding the electron-withdrawing nature of the furazan ring, in particular its effect on the basicity and nucleophilic reactivity of amino furazans.