168264-25-3

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Applications:
1,2-Pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid, 4-[(4-nitrobenzoyl)oxy]-, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl) 2-methyl ester, (2S-cis)is used as a therapeutic agent for its potential effects on conditions such as diabetes, liver disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. Its involvement in various physiological processes makes it a promising candidate for the treatment and management of these conditions.
Used in Nutritional Applications:
In the Nutritional Industry, 1,2-Pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid, 4-[(4-nitrobenzoyl)oxy]-, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl) 2-methyl ester, (2S-cis)is used as a dietary supplement for its potential benefits on cardiovascular health and exercise performance. Its presence in high concentrations in the brain, heart, and muscles, along with its role in physiological processes, contributes to its popularity as a supplement for enhancing overall health and well-being.

Upstream product

• 1499-56-5 (R)-4-hydroxy-L-proline ethyl ester 
• 13726-69-7 (2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-1-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 
• 51-35-4 4R-4-hydroxyproline 
• 40216-83-9 L-4-hydroxyproline methyl ester hydrochloride 
• 1972-28-7 diethylazodicarboxylate 
• 62-23-7 4-nitro-benzoic acid 
• 74844-91-0 1-tert-butyl 2-methyl (2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-1,2-pyrrolidinedicarboxylate 
• 24424-99-5 di-tert-butyl dicarbonate 

Downstream Products

• 191280-88-3 (2S,4S)-tert-butyl 4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 
• 87691-27-8 N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-cis-4-hydroxyproline 
• 143035-54-5 C₆H₁₂N₂O₂ 
• 168264-26-4 (2S,4R)-4-(3-Benzoyl-5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester 2-methyl ester 
• 168264-27-5 (2S,4R)-4-(3-Benzoyl-5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester 
• 74844-91-0 (2S,4S)-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-hydroxyproline methyl ester 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

The Distinct Conformational Landscapes of 4S-Substituted Prolines That Promote an endo Ring Pucker

4-Substitution on proline directly impacts protein main chain conformational preferences. The structural effects of N-acyl substitution and of 4-substitution were examined by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography on minimal molecules with a proline 4

Pyrrolidine ring puckering and prolyl amide bond configurations of 2-methyl-allo-hydroxyproline-based dipeptides

An expeditious method for the synthesis of homo and heterochiral dipeptides containing l-alanine and d/l 2-methyl allo-hydroxyl prolines was developed using direct aminolysis of bicyclic lactones derived from d/l alanine. The impact of C-2 methylation and its spatial orientation on the pyrrolidine ring puckering and prolyl amide bond configuration was ascertained by solution NMR studies. The present studies reveal that C-2 methylation causes the prolyl amide bond to exist exclusively in the trans geometry in both homo- and heterochiral dipeptides. However, the spatial orientation of the C-2 methyl group and its i + 2 position in appropriately capped model dipeptides may nucleate into a turn like structure.

Cross-Linked Collagen Triple Helices by Oxime Ligation

Covalent cross-links are crucial for the folding and stability of triple-helical collagen, the most abundant protein in nature. Cross-linking is also an attractive strategy for the development of synthetic collagen-based biocompatible materials. Nature uses interchain disulfide bridges to stabilize collagen trimers. However, their implementation into synthetic collagen is difficult and requires the replacement of the canonical amino acids (4R)-hydroxyproline and proline by cysteine or homocysteine, which reduces the preorganization and thereby stability of collagen triple helices. We therefore explored alternative covalent cross-links that allow for connecting triple-helical collagen via proline residues. Here, we present collagen model peptides that are cross-linked by oxime bonds between 4-aminooxyproline (Aop) and 4-oxoacetamidoproline placed in coplanar Xaa and Yaa positions of neighboring strands. The covalently connected strands folded into hyperstable collagen triple helices (Tm 80 °C). The design of the cross-links was guided by an analysis of the conformational properties of Aop, studies on the stability and functionalization of Aop-containing collagen triple helices, and molecular dynamics simulations. The studies also show that the aminooxy group exerts a stereoelectronic effect comparable to fluorine and introduce oxime ligation as a tool for the functionalization of synthetic collagen.

4R- and 4S-iodophenyl hydroxyproline, 4R-pentynoyl hydroxyproline, and S-propargyl-4-thiolphenylalanine: Conformationally biased and tunable amino acids for bioorthogonal reactions

Bioorthogonal reactions allow the introduction of new functionalities into peptides, proteins, and other biological molecules. The most readily accessible amino acids for bioorthogonal reactions have modest conformational preferences or bases for molecular interactions. Herein we describe the synthesis of 4 novel amino acids containing functional groups for bioorthogonal reactions. (2S,4R)- and (2S,4S)-iodophenyl ethers of hydroxyproline are capable of modification via rapid, specific Suzuki and Sonogashira reactions in water. The synthesis of these amino acids, as Boc-, Fmoc- and free amino acids, was achieved through succinct sequences. These amino acids exhibit well-defined conformational preferences, with the 4S-iodophenyl hydroxyproline crystallographically exhibiting β-turn (φ, ψ ～ -80°, 0°) or relatively extended (φ, ψ ～ -80°, +170°) conformations, while the 4R-diastereomer prefers a more compact conformation (φ ～ -60°). The aryloxyproline diastereomers present the aryl groups in a highly divergent manner, suggesting their stereospecific use in molecular design, medicinal chemistry, and catalysis. Thus, the 4R- and 4S-iodophenyl hydroxyprolines can be differentially applied in distinct structural contexts. The pentynoate ester of 4R-hydroxyproline introduces an alkyne functional group within an amino acid that prefers compact conformations. The propargyl thioether of 4-thiolphenylalanine was synthesized via copper-mediated cross-coupling reaction of thioacetic acid with protected 4-iodophenylalanine, followed by thiolysis and alkylation. This amino acid combines an alkyne functional group with an aromatic amino acid and the ability to tune aromatic and side chain properties via sulfur oxidation. These amino acids provide novel loci for peptide functionalization, with greater control of conformation possible than with other amino acids containing these functional groups.

Advances and mechanistic insight on the catalytic Mitsunobu reaction using recyclable azo reagents

Ethyl 2-arylhydrazinecarboxylates can work as organocatalysts for Mitsunobu reactions because they provide ethyl 2-arylazocarboxylates through aerobic oxidation with a catalytic amount of iron phthalocyanine. First, ethyl 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)hydrazinecarboxylate has been identified as a potent catalyst, and the reactivity of the catalytic Mitsunobu reaction was improved through strict optimization of the reaction conditions. Investigation of the catalytic properties of ethyl 2-arylhydrazinecarboxylates and the corresponding azo forms led us to the discovery of a new catalyst, ethyl 2-(4-cyanophenyl)hydrazinecarboxylates, which expanded the scope of substrates. The mechanistic study of the Mitsunobu reaction with these new reagents strongly suggested the formation of betaine intermediates as in typical Mitsunobu reactions. The use of atmospheric oxygen as a sacrificial oxidative agent along with the iron catalyst is convenient and safe from the viewpoint of green chemistry. In addition, thermal analysis of the developed Mitsunobu reagents supports sufficient thermal stability compared with typical azo reagents such as diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD). The catalytic system realizes a substantial improvement of the Mitsunobu reaction and will be applicable to practical synthesis.

(2 S,4 R)- and (2 S,4 S)-Perfluoro- tert -butyl 4-hydroxyproline: Two conformationally distinct proline amino acids for sensitive application in 19F NMR

(2S,4R)- and (2S,4S)-perfluoro-tert-butyl 4-hydroxyproline were synthesized (as Fmoc-, Boc-, and free amino acids) in 2-5 steps. The key step of each synthesis was a Mitsunobu reaction with perfluoro-tert-butanol, which incorporated a perfluoro-tert-butyl group, with nine chemically equivalent fluorines. Both amino acids were incorporated in model α-helical and polyproline helix peptides. Each amino acid exhibited distinct conformational preferences, with (2S,4R)-perfluoro-tert-butyl 4-hydroxyproline promoting polyproline helix. Peptides containing these amino acids were sensitively detected by 19F NMR, suggesting their use in probes and medicinal chemistry.

PERFLUORO-TERT-BUTYL HYDROXYPROLINE

The present invention provides novel analogues of alpha amino acids, comprising a perfluoro-tert-butyl group, and molecules comprising the novel analogues. Also provided are a wide range of applications of the novel analogues in therapeutics, theranostics and pharmaceuticals as well as in imaging applications. In particular, the use of the novel analogues in detecting or modifying a target molecule is provided.

Design, synthesis, and antileukemic activity of stereochemically defined constrained analogues of FTY720 (Gilenya)

FTY720 functions as an immunosuppressant due to its effect on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. At doses well above those needed for immunosuppression, FTY720 also has antineoplastic actions. Our published work suggests that at least some of FTY720's anticancer activity is independent of its effects on S1P receptors and due instead to its ability to induce nutrient transporter down-regulation. Compounds that trigger nutrient transporter loss but lack FTY720's S1P receptor-related, dose-limiting toxicity have the potential to be effective and selective antitumor agents. In this study, a series of enantiomerically pure and stereochemically diverse O-substituted benzyl ethers of pyrrolidines was generated and tested for the ability to kill human leukemia cells. The stereochemistry of the hydroxymethyl was found to be a key determinant of compound activity. Moreover, phosphorylation of this group was not required for antileukemic activity.

ANTIBACTERIAL FLUOROQUINOLONE ANALOGS

Compounds having antibacterial activity are disclosed. The compunds have the following structure (I): including stereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof, wherein A, B, D, E, G, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, are also disclosed.

Nucleic acid-binding oligomers possessing C-branching for therapy and diagnostics

The invention relates to nucleic acid-binding oligomers possessing C-branching of the general formula (I) STR1 and to the corresponding monomers, whose radicals have the meaning given in the description, and to their use as medicaments or diagnostic aids.