172820-50-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Asymmetric synthesis of chiral organofluorine compounds: Use of nonracemic fluoroiodoacetic acid as a practical electrophile and its application to the synthesis of monofluoro hydroxyethylene dipeptide isosteres within a novel series of HIV protease inhibitors
Myers,Barbay,Zhong
, p. 7207 - 7219 (2007/10/03)
Two stereoselective routes to a series of diastereomeric inhibitors of HIV protease, monofluorinated analogues of the Merck HIV protease inhibitor indinavir, are described. The two routes feature stereoselective construction of the fluorinated core subunits by asymmetric alkylation reactions. The first-generation syntheses were based on the conjugate addition of the lithium enolate derived-from pseudoephedrine α-fluoroacetamide to nitroalkene 12, a modestly diastereoselective transformation. A more practical second-generation synthetic route was developed that is based on a novel method for the asymmetric synthesis of organofluorine compounds, by enolate alkylation using optically active fluoroiodoacetic acid as the electrophile in combination with a chiral amide enolate. Resolution of fluoroiodoacetic acid with ephedrine provides either enantiomeric form of the electrophile in ≥96% ee. Alkylation reactions with this stable and storable chiral fluorinated precursor are shown to proceed in a highly stereospecific manner. With the development of substrate-controlled syn- or anti-selective reductions of α-fluoro ketones 44 and 45 (diastereomeric ratios 12:1-84:1), efficient and stereoselective routes to each of the four targeted inhibitors were achieved. The optimized synthetic route to the most potent inhibitor (syn,syn-4, Ki = 2.0 nM) proceeded in seven steps (87% average yield per step) from aminoindanol hydrocinnamide 40 and (S)-fluoroiodoacetic acid, and allowed for the preparation of more than 1 g of this compound. The inhibition of HIV-1 protease by each of the fluorinated inhibitors was evaluated in vitro, and the variation of potency as a function of inhibitor stereochemistry is discussed.
Asymmetric hydrogenation of 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazine-2-(N-tert- butyl)carboxamide catalyzed by trans-chelating chiral diphosphine-rhodium complexes
Kuwano,Ito
, p. 1232 - 1237 (2007/10/03)
Highly enantioselective hydrogenation of 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazine-2- (N-tert-butyl)carboxamide (2) was accomplished by a rhodium complex coordinated with a chiral diphosphine TRAP ligand, which is possible to chelate to a transition metal atom in a trans-manner. Of particular interest is that (R,R)-(S,S)-i-BuTRAP gave 97% ee of the corresponding piperazine-2- carboxylic acid derivative (3) with (S) configuration, while the hydrogenation with (R,R)-(S,S)-MeTRAP-rhodium catalyst provided (R)-3 with up to 85% ee. 31P NMR studies of behavior of i-Bu- and MeTRAP-rhodium catalysts during the reaction suggest that the asymmetric hydrogenation of 2 with TRAPs may involve two competitive reaction pathways, giving their respective enantiomeric products 3.
