1751-97-9Relevant articles and documents
Palladium-catalyzed benzoin-mediated redox process leading to biaryls from aryl halides
Park, Bo Ram,Kim, Ko Hoon,Kim, Taek Hyeon,Kim, Jae Nyoung
, p. 4405 - 4407 (2011)
An expedient synthetic procedure of biaryl derivatives was developed using a palladium-catalyzed, benzoin-mediated redox process from aryl halides. Various biaryls were synthesized in good yields in short time.
The Oxidative Coupling of Methyl Benzoate
Iretskii,Sherman,White,Kenvin,Schiraldi
, p. 49 - 57 (2000)
The reaction of methyl benzoate (MBA) with pressurized (50 atm) artificial air (50 mol% O2-N2 mixture) at 150-200°C over a soluble palladium catalyst [PdLL2′] (L=phen, bipy, dppe; L′=OAc, TFA) afforded isomeric dimethyl bibenzoic acid esters (DMBBA). Different factors affect the reactivity and regioselectivity of the process. The reactivity is enhanced by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, arguably by activating the C-H bond of the aromatic ring by its protonation. The increase of temperature not only increases the reaction rate (EA=5.5 kcal/mol) but also favors a formation of an ortho-coupled product. Ligands with strong trans influence (L=phen, bipy, or dppe) direct the oxidative coupling away from 2,X′-isomers (X=2, 3, or 4). Overall, electronic properties of a palladium catalyst are more important than steric restriction of the same catalyst for altering the activity and regioselectivity for MBA coupling.
New Role of CO2 as a Selective Agent in Palladium-Catalyzed Reductive Ullmann Coupling with Zinc in Water
Li, Jin-Heng,Xie, Ye-Xiang,Yin, Du-Lin
, p. 9867 - 9869 (2003)
Carbon dioxide was found to promote the palladium-catalyzed zinc-mediated reductive Ullmann coupling of aryl halides. In the presence of carbon dioxide, Pd/C, and zinc, various aromatic halides including less reactive aromatic chlorides were coupled to give the corresponding homocoupling products in good yields.
Visible Light Induced Aerobic Coupling of Arylboronic Acids Promoted by Hydrazone
Xia, Hongyu,Wang, Ganghu,Zhao, Dongbo,Zhu, Chunyin
supporting information, p. 922 - 929 (2022/02/10)
A visible-light-induced oxidative coupling of arylboronic acids has been developed for the synthesis of biaryls. The reaction that employs polydentate hydrazones as the bifunctional catalyst works smoothly under room temperature. It is compatible with a w
Pd-catalyzed oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids in WEPA: A sustainable access to symmetrical biaryls under added base and ligand-free ambient conditions
Appa, Rama Moorthy,Lakshmidevi, Jangam,Naidu, Bandameeda Ramesh,Venkateswarlu, Katta
, (2021/01/11)
Symmetrical and unsymmetrical biaryls comprises a diverse class of biologically eloquent organic compounds. We herein report, a quick and eco-friendly protocol for the synthesis of biaryls by an oxidative (aerobic) homocoupling of arylboronic acids (ABAs) using Pd(OAc)2 in water extract of pomogranate ash (WEPA) as an efficient agro-waste(bio)-derived aqueous (basic) media. The reactions were executed at ambient aerobic conditions in the absence of external base and ligand to result symmetrical biaryls in excellent yields. The use of renewable media with an effective exploitation of waste, short reaction times, excellent yields of products, easy separation of the products, unnecessating the external base, oxidant, ligand or volatile organic solvents and ambient reaction conditions are the vital insights of the present protocol.