1785-03-1Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Fast cyclotrimerization of a wide range of isocyanates to isocyanurates over acid/base conjugates under bulk conditions
Cheng, Ruihua,Liu, Wei,Wu, Li,Ye, Jinxing
, (2020/07/06)
An array of organic bases DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridine), DBU (1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene), TBD (1, 5, 7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0] dec-5-ene), and their base/acid conjugate organocatalyst systems were evaluated in the trimerization of various isocyanates. The performance depended greatly on the combination of the catalyst systems, and the [HTBD][OAc] (acetic acid) catalyst systems were considerably the most active in contrast to the corresponding DMAP and DBU counterparts. The [HTBD][OAc] catalyst system was capable of providing isocyanurates from the cyclotrimerization of various isocyanate substrates in excellent yields in seconds even under bulk conditions. A bifunctional catalytic mechanism over [HTBD][OAc] was proposed.
Aluminium-catalysed isocyanate trimerization, enhanced by exploiting a dynamic coordination sphere
Bahili, Mohammed A.,Stokes, Emily C.,Amesbury, Robert C.,Ould, Darren M. C.,Christo, Bashar,Horne, Rhian J.,Kariuki, Benson M.,Stewart, Jack A.,Taylor, Rebekah L.,Williams, P. Andrew,Jones, Matthew D.,Harris, Kenneth D. M.,Ward, Benjamin D.
supporting information, p. 7679 - 7682 (2019/07/08)
Main-group metals are inherently labile, hindering their use in catalysis. We exploit this lability in the synthesis of isocyanurates. For the first time we report a highly active catalyst that trimerizes alkyl, allyl and aryl isocyanates, and di-isocyanates, with low catalyst loadings under mild conditions, using a hemi-labile aluminium-pyridyl-bis(iminophenolate) complex.
Potassium complexes containing bidentate pyrrole ligands: Synthesis, structures, and catalytic activity for the cyclotrimerization of isocyanates
Guo, Zhiqiang,Xu, Yuan,Wu, Xiaoqin,Wei, Xuehong,Xi, Chanjuan
supporting information, p. 8116 - 8121 (2019/06/19)
Bidentate pyrrolyl ligands, 2-(t-butyliminomethyl)pyrrole and 2-(t-butylaminomethyl)pyrrole, reacted with KH to give complexes [C4H3N(2-CHNtBu)K(THF)]n (1) and [C4H3N(2-CH2NHsup
Yttrium dialkyl supported by a silaamidinate ligand: Synthesis, structure and catalysis on cyclotrimerization of isocyanates
Liu, Deshuai,Zhou, Dahai,Yang, Hao,Li, Jianfeng,Cui, Chunming
supporting information, p. 12324 - 12327 (2019/10/19)
A sterically demanding silaamidine (ArN = Si(L)NHAr) ligand was synthesized and employed for the preparation of a yttrium dialkyl complex, which catalytically enabled the cyclotrimerization of isocyanate with high activity and excellent functional group t
Reactivities of zero-valent group 10 complexes toward organic isocyanates: Synthesis of metallacycles containing dimeric isocyanate units, isocyanate cyclotrimerization, and computational chemistry
Han, Young-Sung,Jung, Kang-Yeoun,Kim, Yong-Joo,Baeck, Kyoung Koo,Lee, Gang Min,Lee, Soon W.
, p. 15614 - 15625 (2019/10/19)
The reactions of [Pd(olefin)(PR3)2] (PR3 = PMe3, PMe2Ph) with two equivalents of an aryl or alkyl isocyanate afford cis-[Pd{-N(R)C(O)N(R)C(O)-}(PR3)2] (R = 1-naphthyl, 4-phenoxyphenyl), which are five-membered palladacycles bearing dimeric isocyanate units, or cyclic tetramers as assemblies of four five-membered palladacycles, [Pd{C(O)N(R′)C(O)N(R′)}(PMe3)]4, (R′ = 3-methylbenzyl, 4-methylbenzyl or 4-methoxybenzyl), depending on the alkyl substituent on R-NCO. Interestingly, these reactions afford cyclic trimers as catalytic products when two equivalents or excess amounts of benzyl isocyanate are used. In contrast, reactions of [Pt(olefin)(PR3)2] with two equivalents of an alkyl or aryl isocyanate afford only the five-membered platinacycle, namely cis-[Pt{-N(R)C(O)N(R)C(O)-}(PMe3)2] (R = 3-methylbenzyl, 4-methylbenzyl, 4-fluorobenzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, (S)-(+)-(1-naphthyl)ethyl, (R)-(-)-(1-naphthyl)ethyl, 4-phenoxyphenyl and 2,6-difluorophenyl). Aided by theoretical calculations, we propose mechanisms for the formation of the five-membered palladacycle or platinacycle, the cyclic tetramer, and the cyclotrimerization of the organic isocyanate. In addition, the ligand-exchange reactions between a five-membered platinacycle bearing a chiral substituent such as (S)-(+)-(1-naphthyl)ethyl or (R)-(-)-(1-naphthyl)ethyl) moieties and 1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane (DEPE), a chelating phosphine, clearly afford the corresponding platinacycle bearing a DEPE ligand with retention of chirality. On the other hand, reactions of [Ni(COD)2] with various organic isocyanates in the presence of tertiary phosphines only afford the corresponding cyclic trimers. In contrast, similar reactions in the presence of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) such as 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr) or 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidine (SIPr) afford unexpected adducts between R-NCO and the NHC ligand.
Lithium complex of 2-amino-functionalized benzoylpyrrole: Synthesis, structure, and catalytic activity for the cyclotrimerization of isocyanates
Guo, Zhiqiang,Wang, Yakong,Yang, Jihong,Wei, Xuehong
, p. 13 - 17 (2017/04/24)
Lithium complex stabilised by 2-amino-functionalized benzoylpyrrole was synthesized, and its structural features were provided. The molecular structure shows a novel tetrameric cage structure, which includes a eight-membered (LiN)4 ring and a e
Macrocyclic complexes containing a platinacycle or palladacycle composed of an isocyanate dimer unit: Reactivity towards isocyanides and cyclotrimerization of isocyanates
Choi, Jun-Hwan,Jung, Kang-Yeoun,Kim, Yong-Joo,Im, Hye Jin,Lee, Soon W.
, p. 283 - 292 (2016/07/06)
The reactions of [Pt(styrene)(PMe3)2] with 2 equiv. of alkyl or aryl isocyanate affored five-membered platinacycles, cis-[Pt{-N(R)C(O)N(R)C(O)-}(PMe3)2] (R = CH2C6H5, p-ClC6H4, p-OMeC6H4). These complexes are the first examples of platinacycles containing an isocyanate dimer unit. When the five-membered bis(phosphine) platinacycles or palladacycles were treated with 2 equiv. of elemental sulfur, 16-membered cyclic products as an assembly of four platinacycles or palladacycles, [M(PR3){-N(R)C(O)N(R)C(O)-}]4, were readily obtained. These cyclic tetramers were cleaved using tert-butyl isocyanide (CN-tbutyl, 4 equiv.), affording the corresponding monomeric complexes, [M(PR3)(CN-tbutyl){-N(R)C(O)N(R)C(O)-}] (M = Pt, Pd). An unusual cyclotrimerization of organic isocyanates catalyzed by zerovalent Pt complexes or five-membered platinacycles was observed. In addition, the direct cyclotrimerization of alkyl or aryl isocyanates using dialkyl Pt(II) or Pd(II) complexes was investigated. The cross cyclotrimerization of an aryl isocyanate and its derivative using a zerovalent Pd complex was also investigated.
Lithium, magnesium, zinc complexes supported by tridentate pincer type pyrrolyl ligands: Synthesis, crystal structures and catalytic activities for the cyclotrimerization of isocyanates
Liu, Qiao,Guo, Zhiqiang,Han, Hongfei,Tong, Hongbo,Wei, Xuehong
, p. 15 - 19 (2015/02/05)
Lithium, magnesium, zinc complexes incorporating substituted symmetrical tridentate pyrrolyl ligands were synthesized conveniently and their application for the cyclotrimerization of isocyanate to corresponding isocyanurate has been investigated. The reac
Lithium, magnesium, zinc complexes supported by tridentate pincer type pyrrolyl ligands: Synthesis, crystal structures and catalytic activities for the cyclotrimerization of isocyanates
Liu, Qiao,Guo, Zhiqiang,Han, Hongfei,Tong, Hongbo,Wei, Xuehong
supporting information, p. 15 - 19 (2015/03/05)
Lithium, magnesium, zinc complexes incorporating substituted symmetrical tridentate pyrrolyl ligands were synthesized conveniently and their application for the cyclotrimerization of isocyanate to corresponding isocyanurate has been investigated. The reac
Tridentate pyrrolylzinc compounds: Synthesis, structures, reactivities and catalytic cyclotrimerization reaction of isocyanate
Guo, Zhiqiang,Wei, Xuehong,Tong, Hongbo,Liu, Diansheng
, p. 136 - 142 (2015/01/08)
The reactions of ZnEt2 with NNN-tridentate pincer type pyrrolyl ligands, 2,5-bis((dimethylamino)methylene)-1H-pyrrole (HL1), 2,5-bis((pyrrolidin-1-yl)methylene)-1H-pyrrole (HL2) and 2,5-bis((piperidino)methylene)-1H-pyrrol
