1855-23-8Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Diflunisal Derivatives as Modulators of ACMS Decarboxylase Targeting the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway
Yang, Yu,Borel, Timothy,De Azambuja, Francisco,Johnson, David,Sorrentino, Jacob P.,Udokwu, Chinedum,Davis, Ian,Liu, Aimin,Altman, Ryan A.
, p. 797 - 811 (2021/01/13)
In the kynurenine pathway for tryptophan degradation, an unstable metabolic intermediate, α-amino-β-carboxymuconate-?-semialdehyde (ACMS), can nonenzymatically cyclize to form quinolinic acid, the precursor for de novo biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). In a competing reaction, ACMS is decarboxylated by ACMS decarboxylase (ACMSD) for further metabolism and energy production. Therefore, the inhibition of ACMSD increases NAD+ levels. In this study, an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug, diflunisal, was found to competitively inhibit ACMSD. The complex structure of ACMSD with diflunisal revealed a previously unknown ligand-binding mode and was consistent with the results of inhibition assays, as well as a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study. Moreover, two synthesized diflunisal derivatives showed half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values 1 order of magnitude better than diflunisal at 1.32 ± 0.07 μM (22) and 3.10 ± 0.11 μM (20), respectively. The results suggest that diflunisal derivatives have the potential to modulate NAD+ levels. The ligand-binding mode revealed here provides a new direction for developing inhibitors of ACMSD.
COMPOUNDS USEFUL FOR THE TREATMENT OF METABOLIC DISORDERS AND SYNTHESIS OF THE SAME
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Page/Page column 59; 96, (2014/10/18)
The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I): wherein variables X, Y, Z and R1 are as described herein. Some of the compounds described herein are glutamate dehydrogenase activators. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, uses of these compounds and compositions in the treatment of metabolic disorders as well as synthesis of the compounds.
