19631-19-7

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Uses

Sensitizer for electrophotography

Upstream product

• 10025-82-8 indium(III) chloride 
• 91-15-6 phthalonitrile 
• 91-22-5 quinoline 
• 7647-01-0 hydrogenchloride 
• 67124-91-8 iodo(phthalocyaninato^(2-))indium(III) 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Temperature activated ionic conductivity in gallium and indium phthalocyanines

The effects of introducing gallium and indium metals into phthalocyanine molecules were investigated via temperature and frequency dependent dielectric spectroscopy. The dielectric properties of Ga(III) and In(III) phthalocyanine pellets were measured at frequencies from 1 kHz to 1 MHz in the temperature range 300-530 K. The temperature dependence of the real part of the dielectric constant suggested that these compounds exhibit semiconductor behavior. The activation energy values were calculated from the Arrhenius plots at different frequencies. A distinct transition in these plots indicated the activation of ionic conductivity at higher temperatures.

Preparation and properties of phthalocyaninato(2-)indates(III) with bidentate oxo ligands; Crystal structure of tetra(n-butyl)ammonium carbonato(O, O′)phthalocyaninato(2-)indate(III)

Tetra(n-butyl)ammonium acidophthalocyaninato(2-)indate(III) of selected bidentate dioxo ligands (oxalate, catecholate, sulfate and carbonate) are obtained by the reaction of tetra(n-butyl)ammonium cis-dihydroxophthalocyaninato(2-)indate(III) with oxalic acid, catechol, hydrogensulfate and ammonium carbaminate. The carbonate complex crystallizes monoclinic in the space group P21/c (No. 14). InIII is hexa-coordinated by four isoindole nitrogen atoms (Niso) and two oxygen atoms of the carbonate in a cis arrangement. InIII is directed out of the centre (Ct) of the (Niso)4 plane towards the carbonate ligand (d(In-Ct) = 0.903(1) A?. The averaged (In-Niso) and (In-O) distance is 2.1865(4) and 2.1585(5) A?, the (O-In-O′) angle 60.1(2)°. The phthalocyaninate(2-) ligand (pc2-) is in a concave distortion. The optical spectra show the typical π-π* transition of the pc2- ligand at 14600 (B region), 28000 (Q), 35000 (N) und 40500 cm-1 (L). In the IR spectra, the internal vibrations of the oxalate, sulfate and carbonate ligand and the asymmetric (In-O) stretching vibrations are well separated from the internal vibrations of the pc2- skeleton. Spectra-structure correlations are discussed.

Raman spectra of solid films-V. Chloroaluminium, chlorogallium and chloroindium phthalocyanine complexes

Raman spectra of evaporated thin solid films (200 nm thickness) are studied using excitation frequencies in resonance and near resonance with the absorption red band of Al, Ga and in phthalocyanine.Depolarization ratios measured on thin films are also dis

PHTHALOCYANINE PIGMENT, COLORING COMPOSITION AND COLOR FILTER

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a phthalocyanine pigment that has excellent fastness (heat resistance, light fastness, solvent resistance) and, when used for a color filter or the like, is excellent in color properties (lightness) and the contrast ratio, without causing unusual matter due to association, aggregation or the like of molecules with each other even in a high temperature environment above 230°C. SOLUTION: The invention provides: a phthalocyanine pigment having a specific structure represented by general formula (1) or the like; and a coloring composition and a color filter using the phthalocyanine pigment. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2017,JPOandINPIT

Examples of UV–Vis profiles use as tool for evidence of the metallophthalocyanines transformation

The UV–Vis spectra for a set of MPcs (Mmetal, Pc?=?phthalocyanine ligand), i.e.: In(III)PcI (1), Hf(IV)PcI2Pht (Pht?=?phthalonitrile) (2), Sn(II)Pc (3), Sn(IV)PcI2 (4), and Ge(IV)PcI2 (5) have been examined in two solvents, O-donative acetylacetone, and non-coordinative benzene. The UV–Vis spectra in Hacac solution of 1,2 and 4,5 shows that the axially ligated iodine atoms are replaced by (acac)? anions of the solvent, whereas in 3 the oxygen donors of the solvent causing the auto-oxidation of Sn(II) to Sn(IV) ions and as a result the Sn(II)Pc is transformed into the Sn(IV)Pc(acac)2. The chloride complexes of the 1–5 compounds are formed at Hacac solution after acidification by hydrochloric acid, however each compound solution behaviors specifically. The UV–Vis spectra collected for the studied compounds at benzene solvent both before and after the solution acidization clearly indicate that the respective Q band character (besides 3) remains practically unchanged. The presence of the Cl? ions at the Sn(II)Pc solution in benzene results in the formation of Sn(IV)PcCl2.

PHTHALOCYANINE COMPOSITION, AND PHOTOCONDUCTIVE MATERIAL, ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR CARTRIDGE, AND IMAGE-FORMING APPARATUS EACH EMPLOYING THE COMPOSITION

A phthalocyanine composite with high sensitivity and low environmental dependence is provided. It comprises both at least one phthalocyanine compound expressed by general formula (1) and at least one phthalocyanine compound expressed by general formula (2): where, in the general formulae (1) and (2), M 1 represents at least one arbitrary atom or atomic group that is capable of binding to a phthalocyanine, M 2 represents an atom, or an atomic group containing an atom, selected from the second and subsequent periods of the periodic table and capable of binding to a phthalocyanine, M 1 and M 2 being different in kind from each other, X 1 -X 4 represent, independently of each other, a halogen atom, and a, b, c, and d represent, independently of each other, an integer between 0 and 4 and satisfy a + b + c + d > 1.

Highly photoactive molecular semiconductors: Determination of the essential parameters that lead to an improved photoactivity for modified chloroaluminum phthalocyanine thin films

Thin films of chloroaluminum, chlorogallium, and chloroindium phthalocyanines (ClAlPc, ClGaPc, and ClInPc) have been sublimed on SnO2 substrates maintained during sublimation at temperatures ranging from -130 to 190°C. Using this procedure, it is possible to obtain molecular semiconductor layers with a structure varying from amorphous to polycrystalline. These layers were immersed in KI3/KI or KCl solutions at pH = 3.0. This treatment was found to improve drastically the photoelectrochemical activity of ClAlPc thin films. Short-circuit photocurrents Jsc = 0.75 ± 0.25 mA/cm2 were obtained, using polychromatic illumination (35 mW/ cm2), after immersion of ClAlPc into KCl solutions while lower Jsc values (0.3 ± 0.1 mA/cm2) were obtained for KI3/KI solutions. No change in the photoactivity was observed either for ClGaPc or for ClInPc when they were immersed in the same solutions. Both molecular semiconductors provided lower short-circuit photocurrents (Jsc ≤ 0.15 ± 0.03 mA/cm2 for ClGaPc; Jsc ≤ 0.20 ± 0.02 mA/cm2 for ClInPc). The characterization of the chloro-trivalent metal phthalocyanine films indicates that the hydrolysis of the metal-Cl bond is essential for the occurrence of the physicochemical transformation leading to improved photoactivity. The Al-Cl bond of ClAlPc hydrolyzes, but this reaction does not occur for ClGaPc or for ClInPc. In contact with KI3/KI or KCl solutions at pH = 3.0, bulk hydrolysis occurs for ClAlPc, only if both H3O+ and an anion could diffuse from the solution into the material. The large I3- anion is prevented from doing so for polycrystalline ClAlPc films obtained by sublimation on SnO2 substrates maintained at 180°C. However, it can diffuse easily in more disorganized films obtained at lower substrate temperatures. Powders of the chlorotrivalent metal phthalocyanines as well as bromoaluminum phthalocyanine (BrAlPc) were used to quantify anion incorporation in these materials. After complete hydrolysis of BrAlPc (powder) and ClAlPc (films) there are ca. 50-85% of the anions, generated in situ by the hydrolysis reaction or diffusing from the solution as a consequence of the hydrolysis reaction, that remain in the Pc material. Thus, ca. 50-85% of the protons released by the hydrolysis either protonate the macrocycles or react with Pc+O2- already present in the film. In both cases, anions are necessary to neutralize the excess of positive charges. H2O is also found in the modified films. The presence of protonated Pcs, of anions, and of H2O into what is now HOAlPc (after ClAlPc hydrolysis) modifies the structure of the material as well as its photoactivity.

Phase behaviour of halogenated metal phthalocyanines

The phase behaviour of chloro-aluminium phthalocyanine, chloro-indium phthalocyanine, bromo-indium phthalocyanine, dichloro-tin phthalocyanine, and dichloro-platinum phthalocyanine is studied using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and