10025-82-8

Usage

Uses

1. Used in Organic Synthesis:
Indium chloride is used as a catalyst for aqueous organic reactions, including C-C bond formation, aldol reactions, Friedel-Crafts acylation, and Diels-Alder reactions. It is particularly efficient and mild, making it a preferred choice for these processes.
2. Used in Enantioselective Ring-Opening:
Indium chloride is used as a catalyst for the enantioselective ring-opening of meso-aziridines with thiols, which is crucial for the synthesis of various chiral compounds.
3. Used in the Preparation of Furyl Glycosides:
Indium chloride acts as a highly efficient catalyst in water for the preparation of furyl glycosides, which are important in the field of carbohydrate chemistry.
4. Used in Electroplating:
In the electroplating industry, Indium(III) chloride is used in a solution with dextrose and NaCN. This solution is stable and is employed for electroplating purposes, despite turning dark on standing and depositing a mud that contains no indium.
5. Used in Pharmaceutical Applications:
Although not explicitly mentioned in the provided materials, Indium chloride has been explored for its potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly as a catalyst for the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds.

Purification Methods

The anhydrous salt forms yellow deliquescent crystals which can be sublimed at 600o in the presence of Cl2/N2 (1:1) [does not melt]. It is resublimed in the presence of Cl2/N2 (1:10) and finally heated to 150o to expel excess Cl2. It is soluble in H2O and should be stored in a tightly closed container. [Baxter & Alter J Am Chem Soc 55 1943 1933.]

InChI:InChI=1/3ClH.In.H2O/h3*1H;;1H2/q;;;+3;/p-3

Synthetic route

indium(III) oxide + sulfur dioxide (7446-09-5) + chlorine (7782-50-5) → indium sulfate + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; heating from 550 to 750°C;
In neat (no solvent) on In2O3 surface; not isolated, detd. by thermal desorption (20-650°C) and mass spectroscopy;

indium(III) oxide + thionyl chloride (7719-09-7) → indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) 300°C;;
In neat (no solvent) 300°C;;

indium(III) oxide + thionyl chloride (7719-09-7) → indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) 300°C;;
In neat (no solvent) 300°C;;

indium(III) oxide + tetrachlorosilane (10026-04-7, 53609-55-5) → silica gel (112926-00-8, 7631-86-9) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
780-800°C in vac.; Two-fold vacuum sublimation with prior distilling off SiCl4.;

tetrachloromethane (56-23-5) + indium(III) oxide → indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
450°C;;
In neat (no solvent) chlorination of In2O3 with CCl4 at ca 450°C;
In not given react. of In2O3 with CCl4;

indium(III) oxide + chlorine (7782-50-5) + tin(IV) chloride (7646-78-8) → (indium trichloride)2 + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) + tin(IV) oxide

Conditions	Yield
In gas Kinetics; flow method (600 - 800°C, 5 - 50 vol.% SnCl4, 20 - 120 min);

indium(III) oxide + chlorine (7782-50-5) → In2Cl6 (27693-84-1, 21563-01-9) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
With tin(IV) chloride In neat (no solvent) byproducts: O2; chlorination of equimolar mixt. of In2O3 by Cl2/SnCl4 mixt. (4 vol % SnCl4, const. temp. in range 550-700°C, 60 min); chem. anal.;

indium(III) oxide + chlorine (7782-50-5) → indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
With pyrographite heating in dry flow of Cl2;
In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; byproducts: O2; heating to 700°C;

indium(III) oxide + chlorine (7782-50-5) → (indium trichloride)2 + oxygen (80937-33-3) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
Cl2/Ar mixt. flowing over In2O3 (const. temp. in range 500-700°C,gas flow rate 2ml/min, complete satn. of carrier gas by vapours of gase ous products, duration 3 h); monitoring by gravimetric and chem. anal.;

indium(III) oxide + chlorine (7782-50-5) + tin(IV) oxide → In2Cl6 (27693-84-1, 21563-01-9) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) + tin(IV) chloride (7646-78-8)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; byproducts: O2; chlorination of equimolar mixt. of In2O3/SnO2 at const. temp. in range 500-700°C (Cl2 flow 100 ml/min); chem. anal.;
With sulfur dioxide In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; byproducts: O2, SO3, In2(SO4)3; chlorination of equimolar mixt. of In2O3/SnO2 at const. temp. in range 500-700°C (Cl2/SO2 flow 100 ml/min); chem. anal.;

indium (7440-74-6) + chlorine (14700-96-0, 14835-24-6, 15723-23-6, 16547-50-5, 16885-04-4, 16887-00-6, 16904-11-3, 16904-12-4, 16999-02-3, 20337-89-7, 20499-73-4, 22537-15-1, 22537-27-5, 22541-73-7, 22541-74-8, 24203-47-2, 33944-49-9, 34937-26-3, 37352-90-2) → indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
reaction with nascent Cl;
reaction with nascent Cl;

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + indium (7440-74-6) → indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
With water starting with slightly wettened In without heating, then at 120 to 140°C, by adding more water;
byproducts: H2; wet HCl gas;
In hydrogenchloride prepn. by dissolving In in HCl according to S. V. Bleshinskii, V. F. Abramova, Chemistry of Indium (Akad. Nauk Kirg. SSR, Frunze, 1958);

indium (7440-74-6) + chlorine (7782-50-5) → indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
in dry Cl2-flow;
Glowing to red heat, yellow-green flame.;
air removed by N2-flow, then reaction at 600°C in N2/Cl2-flow;

InCl2(1+) (29790-97-4) → indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
With lithium chloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide Ar atmosphere, 25°C, ionic strength 1 M (LiClO4); not isolated; potentiometric monitoring (3 mass-% indium amalgam indicator electrode), estimation of stability const. of InCl3 in DMF;

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + indium(III) hydroxide → indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
In water In(OH)3 was dissolved in conc. HCl; evapd.;
In water drying (HCl(g) stream, 250°C), sublimation (500°C);

indium trichloride trihydrate → indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
With thionyl chloride In neat (no solvent) refluxing educt with dry SOCl2 for about 6 h; dried in vac. for about 2 h;

indium(II) perchlorate octahydrate → indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
With lithium chloride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide Ar atmosphere, 25°C, ionic strength 1 M (LiClO4); not isolated; potentiometric monitoring (3 mass-% indium amalgam indicator electrode), estimation of stability const. of InCl3 in DMF;

indium(ii) chloride + chlorine (7782-50-5) → indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
mild heating; sublimation in CO2-flow;
at 300-350°C in CO2-containing Cl2-flow, in few hours;
mild heating; sublimation in CO2-flow;

indium sulfate + sulfur dioxide (7446-09-5) + chlorine (7782-50-5) → indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) Kinetics; byproducts: SO3; heating to from 550 to 750°C;

indium sulfate → indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfur dioxide; chlorine Kinetics; byproducts: SO2;
With chlorine In solid Kinetics; byproducts: SO2, O2; at 128-800°C;

indium sulfate + chlorine (7782-50-5) → indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: O2; heating to above 800°C;

indium chloride + lithium nitrate + water (7732-18-5) → indium(III) hydroxide + ammonium chloride + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) + lithium chloride

Conditions	Yield
In water reaction of an excess of InCl with aq. LiNO3 solns. 20°C;

indium chloride + lithium nitrate + water (7732-18-5) → indium(III) hydroxide + nitrogen (7727-37-9) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) + lithium chloride

Conditions	Yield
In water reaction of an excess of InCl with aq. LiNO3 solns. 20°C;

indium chloride + lithium nitrate + water (7732-18-5) → indium(III) hydroxide + nitrogen(II) oxide (10102-43-9) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) + lithium chloride

Conditions	Yield
In water reaction of an excess of InCl with aq. LiNO3 solns. 20°C;

indium chloride + lithium nitrate + water (7732-18-5) → indium(III) hydroxide + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) + lithium chloride + dinitrogen monoxide (10024-97-2)

Conditions	Yield
In water reaction of an excess of InCl with aq. LiNO3 solns. 20°C;

indium chloride + lithium nitrate + water (7732-18-5) → lithium nitrite (13568-33-7) + indium(III) hydroxide + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
In water reaction of an excess of InCl with aq. LiNO3 solns. 20°C;

indium(III) nitride → indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride byproducts: NH4Cl;

cadmium(II) selenide + InSeCl → Cd2InSe3Cl + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) mixt. of the starting materials heated in evacuated sealed quartz tubes to 500-900°C; decompn. of educts ocurrs, InCl3 sublimates off;	A 0% B n/a

indium chloride → indium (7440-74-6) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
With water
In water Kinetics; stirring of monohalide in H2O, disproportionation within several minutes at 20°C; products not isolated, detn. of In(III) in soln. after sepn. of solid phase (In);
With water
In dichloromethane disproportionation at temp. above -80°C;

indium chloride → indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
by strong heating;
by strong heating;

indium chloride + indium(ii) chloride → indium (7440-74-6) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8)

Conditions	Yield
With water In hydrogenchloride formation of InCl3 and In from InCl and InCl2 in aq. HCl by addn. of H2O;;
With H2O In hydrogenchloride formation of InCl3 and In from InCl and InCl2 in aq. HCl by addn. of H2O;;

ethylmagnesium chloride (2386-64-3) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → diethylindium chloride (14774-82-4)

Conditions	Yield
In diethyl ether; hexane under N2, stirring, 20 h, 25 °C; filtn.;	100%
In diethyl ether; hexane under N2, stirring, 20 h, 25 °C; evapn. (vac.); redissolving (hexane); extn. (refluxing, 2 h); evapn.;	80%

indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) + diethylammonium N,N-diethyldiselenocarbamate (30634-02-7) → tris(diethyldiselenocarbamato)indium(III) (19400-67-0)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; ethanol to a soln. of (Et2NH2)(Et2dsc) in methanol a soln. of InCl3 in ethanol is added (Ar); ppt. is sucked off, washed with water and ethanol and dried, dissolved in small amount chloroform, filtration of soln. in vac., crystn.;	100%

methyl methylphenylphosphinate (6389-79-3) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → poly(indium methylphenylphosphinate)

Conditions	Yield
In further solvent(s) byproducts: MeCl; slow heating in neat Ph(Me)P(O)OMe until complete pptn.; particle size and polymerization degree depending on heating rate;	100%

nitrido(tetra-tert-butylphthalocyaninato)rhenium(V) (158789-52-7) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → ((CH3)3CC8H3NN)4ReNInCl3

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran; hexane; dichloromethane Re compd. dissolved in CH2Cl2/THF/hexane and cooled to -5°C, electrophile added dropwise to this soln., stirred for 6 h at -5°C; solvent removed at -5°C, elem. anal.;	100%

1-methyl-3-(propyl-3-sulfonic acid)imidazole chloride salt + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → C7H13N2O3S(1+)*Cl4In(1-)

Conditions	Yield
at 80℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) + 1,3-diphenylpropanedione (120-46-7) → In(III)(dibenzoylmethanate)3

Conditions	Yield
With diethylamine In benzene N2; refluxed for 3h; molar ratio InCl3/ligand/base: 1/3.1/3.1;; recrystn. from dichloromethane-ethanol (1:1); elem. anal.;;	99%
With ethanol; sodium isocyanate In tetrahydrofuran N2; refluxed for 3h; molar ratio InCl3/ligand/base=3.1/3.1;; recrystn. from dichloromethane-ethanol (1:1); elem. anal.;;	91%
With sodium isocyanate In ethanol N2; refluxed for 3h; molar ratio InCl3/ligand/base: 1/3.1/3.1;; recrystn. from dichloromethane-ethanol (1:1); elem. anal.;;	89%
With NaOAc In ethanol; water addn. of ethanolic dibenzoylmethane with stirring to aq. InCl3 buffered with NaOAc; recrystn. (acetone); elem. anal.;

potassium hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate (17567-17-8) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → (tris(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)hydridoborate)InCl2 (112439-54-0)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran stirring (18 h, room temp.), solvent removal (vacuum); extraction (CH2Cl2), recrystn. (MeCN);	99%

indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) + acetylacetone (123-54-6) → indium acetylacetonate

Conditions	Yield
With sodium isocyanate In ethanol byproducts: alkyl carbamate; refluxing for 3h; molar ratio of (acetylacetone)/InCl3=3.1-3.3 and (NaOCN)/(InCl3)=6.6-6.7;;	99%
With sodium isocyanate In methanol byproducts: alkyl carbamate; addn. of NaOCN (120mmol) and acetylacetone (120mmol) to a soln. of InCl3 (18.1mmol) in methanol (80ml) at room temp.; refluxing at 68°C for 3h; cooling; filtration;; washing solids with benzene; distn. (solvents, acetylacetone) under reduced pressure; addn. of benzene; filtration; concg. soln. under reduced pressure; heating solid at 60-70°C in vac. for 1-2h; recrystn. from ethanol;;	98.6%
With sodium isocyanate In tetrahydrofuran refluxing for 3h; molar ratio of (acetylacetone)/InCl3=3.1-3.3 and (NaOCN)/(InCl3)=6.6-6.7;;	91%

indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) + thiophenol (108-98-5) → tris(benzenethiolato)indium(III) (1046154-90-8)

Conditions	Yield
In benzene molar ratio In/Si: 1:3, N2 atmosphere, refluxed, 6 h, pptn.; ppt. extd. with ether, washed with pentane, dried in vacuum, elem. anal.;	99%

phenylthiotrimethylsilane (4551-15-9) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → chlorobis(phenylthio)indane

Conditions	Yield
In benzene byproducts: (CH3)3SiCl; molar ratio In/Si: 1:2, N2 atmosphere, refluxed, 6 h, pptn.; ppt. extd. with ether, washed with pentane, dried in vacuum, elem. anal.;	99%
In benzene byproducts: (CH3)3SiCl; molar ratio In/Si: 1:1, N2 atmosphere, refluxed, 6 h, pptn.; ppt. extd. with ether, washed with pentane, dried in vacuum, elem. anal.;	46%

Ag[(cyclopentadienyl)tris(dimethylphosphito-P)cobalt] + thallium hydrotris(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)borate + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → [In((C5H5)Co(PO(OCH3)2)3)((C3H3N2)3BH)](1+)*InCl4(1-)=[In((C5H5)Co(PO(OCH3)2)3)((C3H3N2)3BH)](InCl4)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; dichloromethane; acetone	99%

trimethylsilyl cyanide (7677-24-9) + Gallium trichloride (13450-90-3) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → 0.5In(3+)*0.5Ga(3+)*3CN(1-)=In0.5Ga0.5(CN)3

Conditions	Yield
In diethyl ether; hexane byproducts: Me3SiCl; N2-atmosphere; dropwise addn. of stoic. mixt. of metal salts (in ether) to Me3SiCN (in hexane), stirring for 12 h; collection (filtration), heating in hexane (several h), washing (hexane);	99%

(2S)-methylbuthyl-1-magnesium bromide (35026-81-4) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → In((S)-2-methylbutyl)2Cl

Conditions	Yield
In diethyl ether inert atmosphere; slow addn. of 2 equiv. of Mg-compd. to InCl3 suspn. at0°C, stirring overnight; solvent removal (vac.), extn. into pentane, filtration, solvent removal (vac.);	99%

indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) + N-methylpiperazinodithiocarboxylic acid, potassium salt → indium(III) N-methylpiperazine dithiocarbamate (371958-47-3)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol to a soln. of metal salt added slowly a soln. of S compd., stirred for 3h; solvent removed (vac.), extrd. (CH2Cl2), filtered (G-3), evapd. (vac.); elem. anal., IR;	99%

methanol (67-56-1) + [bis(4-allyl-3-thiosemicarbazonato)acenaphthenequinone]zinc(II) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → [indium chloride bis(4-allyl-3-thiosemicarbazonate)acenaphthenequinone]*(methanol)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol addn. of Zn compd. in MeOH to InCl3, heating under reflux for 2 h or stirring overnight;	99%
In methanol addn. of Zn compd. in MeOH to InCl3, heating under reflux for 6 h; cooling to room temp., filtration, washing with Et2O, drying under vacuum, elem. anal.;	27%

zinc bis(4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazonate)acenaphthenequinone + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → [indium chloride bis(4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazonate)acenaphthenequinone]*(methanol)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol addn. of Zn compd. in MeOH to InCl3, heating under reflux for 2 h or stirring overnight;	99%
In methanol addn. of Zn compd. in MeOH to InCl3, heating under reflux for 6 h; cooling to room temp., filtration, washing with Et2O, drying under vacuum, elem. anal.;	62%

2K(1+)*Zr6B(13+)*15Cl(1-)=K2(Zr6B)Cl15 + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) + acetonitrile (75-05-8) → (Zr6B)Cl12(CH3CN)6(1+)*InCl4(1-)=(Zr6B)Cl12(CH3CN)6(InCl4)

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile byproducts: KCl; CH3CN added to metal complex, sealed in a glass ampule, kept at 100°C for 3-4 d, filtered (Ar), treated with excess of InCl3, sealed, heated at 100°C for 12 h; evapd. slowly;	99%

2,2':6,2''-terpyridine (1148-79-4) + sodium azide + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → (2,2',2''-terpyridine)In(N3)3 (259137-34-3)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran; toluene byproducts: NaCl; Ar-atmosphere; stoich. amts.; treatment of InCl3 (in PhMe) with terpy and then with NaN3 (in THF), refluxing for 5 h; filtration off of NaCl, cooling to -30°C (pptn.);	98.4%

tribenzylindium (125706-16-3) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → benzylindium chloride

Conditions	Yield
In toluene a soln. of tribenzylindane and InCl3 (ratio 1:2) in toluene is heated under reflux for 8 h, cooling to room temp. (under Ar); filtn. of residue, drying in vac., elem. anal.;	98%
In benzene N2 atmosphere, dry and degassed solvent, addn. of In-compd. in benzene to SnCl3, refluxing (5 h), pptn. on cooling; filtration, drying in vac.;	90%

indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) + triisopropyl indium (17144-80-8) → (i-Pr)2InCl (123241-18-9)

Conditions	Yield
In toluene addn. of InCl3 to soln. of iPr3In, stirring, 6h, 80°C, filtration, washed with toluene (8x), evapn. in vac., under Ar; elem. anal.;	97%

sodium N-morpholinocarbamodithioate (873-58-5) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) + bis(2-mercaptoethyl) ether disodium salt → (O(C2H4)S)2indium(III) morpholine dithiocarbamate (419535-68-5)

Conditions	Yield
In benzene anhydrous condns.; a soln. of metal salt and thiolate stirred for 3 h inbenzole, a metal compd. treated with carbamate, stirred for 3 h at room temp.; filtered, solvent removed (vac.); elem. anal., IR;	97%

dimethylselenide (593-79-3) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → [In(μ-Cl)Cl2(SeMe2)2]2 (1211565-03-5)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) (Ar); Schlenk techniques; InCl3 dissolved in Me2Se at 0°C; stirred for 1 h at room temp.; crystd. by slow diffusion of pentane; elem. anal.;	97%

(ethylthio)trimethylsilane (5573-62-6) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → chlorobis(ethylthio)indane

Conditions	Yield
In benzene byproducts: (CH3)3SiCl; molar ratio In/Si: 1:2, N2 atmosphere, refluxed, 6 h, pptn.; ppt. extd. with ether, washed with pentane, dried in vacuum, elem. anal.;	96%
In benzene byproducts: (CH3)3SiCl; molar ratio In/Si: 1:1, N2 atmosphere, refluxed, 6 h, pptn.; ppt. extd. with ether, washed with pentane, dried in vacuum, elem. anal.;	25%

potassium dihydrobis(pyrazol-1-yl)borate + sodium acetate (127-09-3) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → (acetato)bis{dihydrobis(1-pyrazolyl)borato}indium(III)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: KCl, NaCl; N2 atmosphere; stirring (room temp., 5 h); evapn. of solvent (vac.), extn. (benzene), filtration, removal of solvent (vac); elem. anal.;	96%

(W3Se4(H2O)9)(4+) (184229-82-1, 777840-00-3) + water (7732-18-5) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → [(H2O)12W3Se4In](5+)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium tetrahydroborate In hydrogenchloride In-compd. addn. to soln. of complex, Ar atmosphere, borohydride addn. inportions, dilution by aq. HCl, sepn. on cation-exchange column (Dowex);	96%

sodium N,N'-diisopropyldithiocarbamate (4092-82-4) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → chlorobis(diisopropyldithiocarbamato)indium(III) (180607-99-2)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol byproducts: NaCl; (N2); stirring (ca. 30°C, 3-4 h); evapn., extn. (CHCl3), filtration, removal of solvent (reduced pressure), crystn. (CH2Cl2/hexane); elem. anal.;	96%

potassium 1,2-cyclobutane-3,4-dithiolate (52427-61-9) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) + benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (56-93-9) → tris(benzyltrimethylammonium) [tris(1,2-dithioquadratato-S,S')indate(III)]

Conditions	Yield
In water 3-3 equiv. of K-salt and N-compd. were dissolved in H2O, 1 equiv. of InCl3 was slowly added in H2O; ppt. was filtered off, dried in an exsiccator, elem. anal.;	96%

HN(CH3)Si(CH3)2N(CH3)Li + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → [Li[In(HN(CH3)Si(CH3)2N(CH3))2(CH3NSi(CH3)2NCH3)]]2

Conditions	Yield
In diethyl ether byproducts: LiCl, Me2Si(NHMe)2; addn. of the Li compd. in Et2O to a slurry of InCl3 in Et2O at room temp., stirring (24 h); removal of ether (vac. distn.), drying (24 h), extraction (hexane), filtration (Celite), removal of hexane (vac.); crystals may be obtained by dissoln. of the solid in hexane/Et2O (1:9) and cooling 24 h at -35°C; elem. anal.;	96%

3-diethylamino-propan-1-ol (622-93-5) + indium(III) chloride (10025-82-8) → [InCl3(3-diethylamino-1-propanol)]2

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane (N2); ligand added to a suspn. of InCl3, stirred for 12 h; added to stirring pentane, filtered, dried (vac.);	96%

Upstream product

• 7440-74-6 indium 
• 14700-96-0 clorine 
• 7647-01-0 hydrogenchloride 
• 7782-50-5 chlorine 
• 29790-97-4 InCl₂⁽¹⁺⁾ 
• 22519-64-8 indium trichloride trihydrate 
• 7446-09-5 sulfur dioxide 
• 12672-70-7 indium chloride 
• 7732-18-5 water 
• 13510-35-5 indium(III) iodide 
• 110-86-1 pyridine 

Downstream Products

• 17685-52-8 triiron dodecarbonyl 
• 12672-70-7 indium chloride 
• 13465-10-6 indium monochloride 
• 7440-74-6 indium 
• 153588-53-5 {InCl₃(C₆H₅C(O)CH₃)2} 
• 7440-36-0 antimony 
• 75-77-4 chloro-trimethyl-silane 
• 120140-62-7 C₆H₅C{NSi(CH₃)3}2InCl₂ 
• 690957-61-0 InCl 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-tert-butylphenyl)porphyrin 
• 113351-95-4 In⁽³⁺⁾*(CO₂CH₂CHNHCOC₆H₃O₂)3^(6-)=In(CO₂CH₂CHNHCOC₆H₃O₂)3^(3-) 
• 125706-16-3 tribenzylindium 
• 116291-56-6 (tri(p-tolyl)(p-carboxyphenyl)porphyrinato)InCl 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Stepwise introduction of thiolates in copper-indium binuclear complexes

We report the synthesis and characterization of copper-indium binuclear I-III complexes composing the series (Ph3P)2CuIn(SEt) xCl4-x (1-5; 0 ≤ x ≤ 4). Members of the series, which are prepared by variations in t

Effect of Cu/In molar ratio on the microstructural and optical properties of microcrystalline CuInS2 prepared by solvothermal route

Synthesis and characterization of CuInS2 powder sample prepared by a simple and convenient solvothermal method is reported. The influence of the variation of Cu/In molar ratio from 0.69 to 1.25 on the particle morphology, crystal structure and optical properties of CuInS2 samples was studied. The X-ray diffraction studies indicated that the samples were polycrystalline in nature. SEM images of the samples revealed that the copper-rich products were uniform microspheres with smooth surfaces, whereas microspheres formed by network of interconnected flakes were obtained for indium-rich products. The optical band gaps (Eg) of the products decreased from 1.60 to 1.43 eV with variation of Cu/In molar ratio. The variation of the Urbach tail width with Cu/In molar ratio indicated that the density of the defects is much higher for the indium-rich CuInS2, which was clearly revealed from Raman measurements.

Synthesis of indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles from the hydrolyzate of a composite complex salt

A composite complex salt-(NH4)1.91(In0.91Sn0.09)Cl5·?H2O-was synthesized from the starting materials InCl3, HCl, SnCl4 and NH4HCO3. The hydrolyzate of (NH4)1.91(In0.91Sn0.09)Cl5·?H2O were prepared under the condition of room temperature and fiercely stirring, using NH4HCO3 as precipitator and polyethylene glycol as disperser. Indium-tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles were prepared by calcined the hydrolyzate at 700°C for 1 h in air. The prepared ITO particles were characterized via X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and laser particle size analyzer. The results indicated the average crystalline grain size, a primary particle size and an average aggregation size of prepared ITO powders is 34.6 nm, 50-100 nm and of 107 nm, respectively. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Supramolecular ensembles of indium thiocyanates with the [K(18C6)] + complexes

Supramolecular ensembles containing cations [K(18C6)]+ and anions [In(NCS)6]3- were isolated from the InCl 3-KNCS-18C6-CH3OH system. The associates were identified by the data of elemental analysis, I

The thermodynamic characteristics of ion exchange in a sulfonated polymer based on cis-tetraphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene

The selectivity and thermodynamic characteristics of exchange of protons in SO3H groups of a sulfonated network polymer based on cis-tetraphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene for Na+, Cu2+, and In3+ cations from aqueous solutions are considered. Semiempirical quantum-chemical calculations of molecular ensembles modeling the structure of the elementary polymer unit in the H and Na forms were performed. The experimental data on the equilibrium phase compositions and the heat of exchange were used to calculate the thermodynamic equilibrium constants, Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of ion exchange.

Chemical vapor transport of ternary indium molybdates

An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the system In/Mo/O at 1273 K was established by isothermal equilibration and XRD analyses of quenched samples. The chemical vapor transport of In2Mo3O 12 was investigated in dependence on mean transport temperature (823 K to 1123 K) and amount of transport agent (Cl2 or Br2). The observed transport behaviour is compared with results of thermodynamical calculations and the influence of mean temperature, transport agent and moisture contents is described in detail. Single crystals of the metal rich compound InMo4O6 were grown by chemical vapor transport in a temperature gradient 1273 K to 1173 K using H2O as transport agent. The gaseous compound In2MoO4(g) accounts for the chemical vapor transport of molybdenium compounds in the metal rich part of the ternary phase diagram In/Mo/O.

Kinetic study on the chlorination of indium oxide

In this paper, the chlorination of In2O3 has been studied using gaseous chlorine as chlorinating agent. The results of the thermodynamic analysis for the reaction of In2O3 chlorination indicate that this reactio

Recovery of indium from In2O3 and liquid crystal display powder via a chloride volatilization process using polyvinyl chloride

Indium (In) was recovered from indium oxide (In2O3) and liquid crystal display (LCD) powder via a chloride volatilization process using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the chlorination agent. The recovery of In from In2O3

Characterization of nano-InVO4 powders synthesized by the hydrothermal process on various In/V molar ratio and soaking conditions

Various hydrothermal parameters such as the In/V ratio of starting materials, soaking time and additives were conducted to examine the resulting phase formation and particle morphology of InVO4. The possible reaction during InVO4 for