201164-14-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Design and synthesis of bitopic 2-phenylcyclopropylmethylamine (pcpma) derivatives as selective dopamine d3 receptor ligands
Tan, Liang,Zhou, Qingtong,Yan, Wenzhong,Sun, Jian,Kozikowski, Alan P.,Zhao, Suwen,Huang, Xi-Ping,Cheng, Jianjun
, p. 4579 - 4602 (2020/06/08)
2-Phenylcyclopropylmethylamine (PCPMA) analogues have been reported as selective serotonin 2C agonists. On the basis of the same scaffold, we designed and synthesized a series of bitopic derivatives as dopamine D3R ligands. A number of these new compounds show a high binding affinity for D3R with excellent selectivity. Compound (1R,2R)-22e and its enantiomer (1S,2S)-22e show a comparable binding affinity for the D3R, but the former is a potent D3R agonist, while the latter acts as an antagonist. Molecular docking studies revealed different binding poses of the PCPMA moiety within the orthosteric binding pocket of the D3R, which might explain the different functional profiles of the enantiomers. Compound (1R,2R)-30q shows a high binding affinity for the D3R (Ki = 2.2 nM) along with good selectivity, as well as good bioavailability and brain penetration properties in mice. These results reveal that the PCPMA scaffold may serve as a privileged scaffold for the design of aminergic GPCR ligands.
Ionic liquids, microwave irradiation, and the synthesis of aryl Weinreb amides
Otaibi, Ahmed Al,McCluskey, Adam
, p. 519 - 525 (2017/12/15)
Abstract: The Heck coupling of aryl halides and N-methoxy-N-methylacrylamide was investigated in the room-temperature ionic liquids [BMIM][PF6], [BMIM][Br], [BMIM][BF4], [BMIM][OH], [BMIM][HCOO], EAN, PAN, and ETAN. Excellent yields of the expected N-methoxy-N-methylcinnamamides (ca 90%) and purity (>?96%) were afforded on simple diethyl ether extraction from [BMIM][PF6] and [BMIM][OH]. The described procedure was highly substrate tolerant with methyl, methoxy, fluoro, trifluoromethyl, ester, cyano, hydroxy, naphthyl, and quinolone moieties well tolerated. Poor yields or no reactions were observed with –NH2 and –NO2 moieties. The use of microwave irradiation reduced reaction times from 3?h (thermal) to 5–15?min with no substantive effect on reaction outcome. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl sulfones for the highly stereoselective Julia-Kocienski synthesis of α,β-unsaturated esters and weinreb amides
Alonso, Diego A.,Fuensanta, Monica,Gomez-Bengoa, Enrique,Najera, Carmen
experimental part, p. 2915 - 2922 (2009/04/10)
The 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl (BTFP) sulfones tert-butyl α-(BTFPsulfonyl)acetate (4) and Weinreb α-(BTFPsulfonyl)-acetamide (5) have successfully been employed in the Julia-Kocienski olefination of aldehydes with K2CO3 as the base at 120°C in DMF under solid/liquid phase-transfer catalysis conditions to afford α,β- unsaturated esters and Weinreb amides, respectively. The corresponding products were obtained in good yields and with high E stereoselectivities (E/Z up to >99:1), especially in the case of the amides. A detailed computational study of the Julia-Kocienski olefination with BTFP sulfone 4 was carried out and confirmed the existence of an equilibrium in the initial addition of the sulfone enolate to the aldehyde and, in contrast to other proposed mechanisms, a non-concerted final elimination of SO2 and 3,5-bis-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxide. A plausible explanation for the high E diastereoselectivity observed in the reaction has been suggested based on kinetic considerations at spirocyclic TS2 and thermodynamic factors during the elimination after TS2. ESI-MS studies carried out during the olefination reaction of benzaldehyde with BTFP sulfone 4 were used to characterize the sulfone enolate and the intermediate assumed for the reaction mechanism. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2008.
Picosecond radical kinetics. Rate constants for ring openings of 2-aryl-substituted cyclopropylcarbinyl radicals
Newcomb,Choi,Toy
, p. 1123 - 1135 (2007/10/03)
The kinetics of ring openings of a series of eight (trans-2-arylcyclopropyl)methyl radicals (1) were studied by indirect kinetic methods using Barton's PTOC esters as radical precursors and reaction with PhSeH as the competition reaction. The substituents were CF3, F, Me, and OMe located on both the para and meta positions of the aromatic ring. Syntheses of the radical precursors and the products of the radical reactions are described. Kinetics were determined between -43 and 25°C in four cases (CF3 and OMe substituents) and at 0 and 25°C in the other four cases. The rate constants at 25°C ranged from 1.0 x 1011 s-1 (p-CH3) to 4.1 x 1011 s-1 (p-CF3). The relatively large acceleration of the p-CF3 group, ca. 2.5 times as fast as the parent system with Ar = Ph, correlates well with Adam's ΔD substituent parameters but not with other radical substituent parameters. These calibrated radical rearrangements provide a new set of ultrafast reactions that can be applied in mechanistic probe studies.
A Substituted Hypersensitive Radical Probe for Enzyme-Catalyzed Hydroxylations: Synthesis of Racemic and Enantiomerically Enriched Forms and Application in a Cytochrome P450-Catalyzed Oxidation
Toy, Patrick H.,Dhanabalasingam, Bhavani,Newcomb, Martin,Hanna, Imad H.,Hollenberg, Paul F.
, p. 9114 - 9122 (2007/10/03)
The syntheses of racemic and enantiomerically enriched trans-1-methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)cyclopropane (3) and the possible oxidation products from enzyme-catalyzed hydroxylation of 3 at the methyl group are reported. The important intermediate in the production of 3 was the Weinreb amide of the 2-arylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid which could be prepared in diastereomerically pure form and which also served as an intermediate for production of the cyclic oxidation products of 3. Hydroxylation of 3 by the cytochrome P450 isozyme CYP2B1 gave cyclic and ring-opened products. The product ratios support an insertion mechanism for the enzyme-catalyzed hydroxylation reaction in which minor amounts of rearranged products are produced by radical fragmentation within the transition structure of the insertion and by a competing reaction involving a cationic species. Formation of cationic rearrangement products by a heterolytic fragmentation reaction of a first-formed protonated alcohol product is suggested on the basis of the apparent amounts of cationic products formed in the hydroxylation of 3. This pathway for cation production appears to require that the activated enzyme complex (equivalent to enzyme-substrate-H2O2) oxidizes substrate before water dissociates to give an iron-oxo species.
