2064-95-1Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis and application of a spirocompound as clean viscosity-reducer for crude oil
Chen, Shijun,Zhao, Kang,Chen, Gang,Bai, Li,Feng, Lajun
, (2016)
Heavy oil transportation has become a highly technical operation facing complex difficulties. One of the major difficulties in the pipeline transportation is the high viscosity that requires efficient and economical ways to deal with. The typical polymer viscosity reducers are a negative problem during oil refinement process for their chemical properties. The objective of this study is to seek small molecular compound, different from the traditional polymers, to reduce the viscosity of the crude oil. In this work, a spirocompound, 3,9-diphenyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-spiro[ 5.5 ]undecane, was synthesized catalyzed by zeolite and modified zeolite, and the product was fully characterized by NMR, MS, and TG. Then, it was used as viscosity reducer for crude oil. The factors such as dosage and temperature on the viscosity behavior have been studied. The results showed a significant viscosity reduction at different temperature, and the most economical dosage is 500 ppm. The multiphenyl groups can interact with asphaltene by π - π stacking, and the spirostructure can fix the stacking in different direction, which can prevent the agglomeration of wax crystals.
Novel synthesis method of ester free trimethylene carbonate derivatives
Nobuoka, Hiroaki,Ajiro, Hiroharu
, p. 164 - 170 (2019/01/04)
Ester free poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) derivatives show biocompatibility and biodegradability and do not generate any acidic compounds after decomposition. Their syntheses methods are limited however, hampering their material application. Herein, we established a novel synthesis route of ester free trimethylene carbonate (TMC) derivatives. The novel synthesis route was described using six aldehydes and one ketone as starting compounds. The key reaction is the selective deprotection from two protected hydroxyl groups in the cyclic acetal structure by diisobutylaluminium hydride. This novel synthesis route means that it is possible to convert aldehyde group to ether groups in the side chain of TMC. Conventionally, only a substituent derived from a primary alcohol was introduced into the side chain. We therefore succeeded in decreasing the number of reaction steps from five to three, compared with the conventional route. Furthermore, the development of a novel synthesis route enabled the introduction of substituents derived from secondary alcohols, anticipating the creation of further types of ester free TMC derivatives.
From organocatalysed desilylations to high-yielding benzylidenations of electron-deficient benzaldehydes
Niu, Qun,Xing, Linlin,Li, Chunbao
, p. 358 - 364 (2017/06/19)
A new type of organoprecatalyst (MeSCH2Cl/KI) for desilylation and benzylidenation reactions has been designed. Both reactions are user friendly and high yielding (71->99%) and have fast reaction rates. The desilylation of iodo silyl ethers was achieved with no sequential etherification side reactions like those seen for reactions when using TBAF. In the application of the catalytic system to a 6-TBDMS ether of a glucoside, glucoside benzylidenations using electron-deficient benzaldehydes were achieved in 87% yield compared with the previously reported yields of 69-77%. Altogether, 14 benzylidenation reactions were realised using silyloxy alcohols and electrondeficient benzaldehydes instead of their activated acetal forms. In terms of reaction rates and yields, the order of the benzylidenations is p-fluorobenzaldehyde > benzaldehyde > p-anisaldehyde, and a possible mechanism is discussed. These experiments have preliminarily differentiated this cost-effective catalytic system from the classic Lewis acids.
