20841-05-8Relevant articles and documents
Direct arylation of benzene with aryl bromides using high-temperature/high- pressure process windows: Expanding the scope of c-h activation chemistry
Pieber, Bartholomaeus,Cantillo, David,Kappe, C. Oliver
supporting information; experimental part, p. 5047 - 5055 (2012/06/04)
A detailed investigation on the direct arylation of benzene with aryl bromides by using first-row transition metals under high-temperature/high- pressure (high-T/p) conditions is described. By employing a parallel reactor platform for rapid reaction screening and discovery at elevated temperatures, various metal/ligand/base combinations were evaluated for their ability to enable biaryl formation through C-H activation. The combination of cobalt(III) acetylacetonate and lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide was subjected to further process intensification at 200°C (15 bar), allowing a significant reduction of the catalyst/base loading and a dramatic increase in catalytic efficiency (turnover frequency) by a factor of 1000 compared to traditional protocols. The high-throughput screening additionally identified novel nickel-and copper-based metal/ligand combinations that favored an amination pathway competing with C-H activation, with the addition of ligands, such as 1,10-phenanthroline, having a profound influence on the selectivity. In addition to metal-based catalysts, high-T/p process windows were also successfully applied to transition-metal-free systems, utilizing 1,10-phenanthroline as organocatalyst. Copyright
Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of arylamines from aryl halides and lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide as an ammonia equivalent
Lee, Sunwoo,Jorgensen, Morten,Hartwig, John F.
, p. 2729 - 2732 (2007/10/03)
(Equation presented) A simple, palladium-catalyzed method to convert aryl halides to the parent anilines using lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (LiN(SiMe3)2) is reported. The reaction is catalyzed by Pd(dba)2 and P(t-Bu)3 and can be run with as little as 0.2 mol % of catalyst. The reaction is faster than competing generation of benzyne intermediates and, therefore, provides the aniline products regiospecifically.