212326-98-2Relevant academic research and scientific papers
A Free Radical Cyclization Catalyzed by Ruthenium Hydride Species
Kim, Rira,Kwon, Kuktae,Lee, Hee-Yoon
supporting information, p. 3909 - 3913 (2021/10/23)
A photolytically generated ruthenium hydride species catalyzing a free radical cyclization reaction was developed. As the new methodology ensures reproducibility of the free radical reaction of trialkyltin hydrides and a fast hydrogen transfer to the radical intermediates, the methodology provides fast quenching of radical intermediates and thus suppresses rearrangement of radical intermediates before the hydride quench. By offering new reactivity and selectivity to the trialkyltin hydride mediated free radical cyclization reactions, the methodology will find wide range of applications in organic synthesis.
Triarylphosphine ligands with hemilabile alkoxy groups: Ligands for nickel(II)-catalyzed olefin dimerization reactions. hydrovinylation of vinylarenes, 1,3-dienes, and cycloisomerization of 1,6-dienes
Biswas, Souvagya,Zhang, Aibin,Raya, Balaram,Rajanbabu
, p. 2281 - 2292 (2014/07/21)
Substitution of one of the phenyl groups of triphenylphosphine with a 2-benzyloxy-, 2-benzyloxymethyl- or 2-benzyloxyethyl-phenyl moiety results in a set of simple ligands, which exhibit strikingly different behaviour in various nickel(II)-catalyzed olefin dimerization reactions. Complexes of ligands with 2-benzyloxyphenyl- and 2-benzyloxymethylphenyldiphenylphosphine (L5 and L6, respectively) are most active for hydrovinylation (HV) of vinylarenes, with the former leading to extensive isomerization of the primary 3-aryl-1-butenes into the conjugated 2-aryl-2-butenes even at -55 °C. However, 2-benzyloxymethyl-substituted ligand L6 is slightly less active, affording up to quantitative yields of the primary products of HV at ambient temperature with no trace of isomerization, thus providing the best option for a practical synthesis of these compounds. In sharp contrast, hydrovinylation of a variety of 1,3-dienes is best catalyzed by nickel(II) complexes of 2- benzyloxyphenyldiphenylphosphine, L5. The other two ligands, 2-benzyloxymethyl- (L6) and 2-benzyloxyethyldiphenylphosphine (L7) are much less effective in the HV of 1,3-dienes. Nickel(II)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,6-dienes into methylenecyclopentanes, a reaction mechanistically related to the other hydrovinylation reactions, is also uniquely effected by nickel(II) complexes of L5, but not of L6 or L7. In an attempt to prepare authentic samples of the methylencyclohexane products, nickel(II) complexes of N-heterocyclic carbene ligands were examined. In sharp contrast to the phosphines, which give the methylenecyclopentanes, methylenecyclohexanes are the major products in the (N-heterocyclic carbene)nickel(II)-mediated reactions.
Medium-sized heterocycle synthesis by the use of synergistic effects of Ni-NHC and γ-coordination in cycloisomerization
Ho, Chun-Yu,He, Lisi
, p. 11873 - 11884 (2015/02/05)
This paper describes a new approach in transition-metal-catalyzed unsymmetric cycloisomerization for medium-sized heterocycles. The steric and electronic effects of an NHC-NiH catalyst and γ-heteroatom chelation were used together as a basis for 1,n-diene termini differentiation and for nγ-exo-trig (head-to-tail) product selectivity. Heterocycles bearing an exocyclic methylene such as oxepines, thiepines, siloxepines, and oxocanes were synthesized from the corresponding 1,n-dienes by a fine-tuning of the NHC properties. The implication of the underlying hypothesis was further demonstrated in a competition experiment in which strained oxepines were formed preferentially over other competing oxa-/carbocycles. Under more forcing physical conditions and the use of a suitable NHC ligand, the exocyclic methylene products were isomerized further into endocyclic olefin products regioselectively in one pot. (Chemical Equation Presented).
Regioselective palladium-catalyzed formate reduction of N-heterocyclic allylic acetates
Cheng, Hsiu-Yi,Sun, Chong-Si,Hou, Duen-Ren
, p. 2674 - 2677 (2007/10/03)
The regioselective palladium-catalyzed formate reduction of allylic acetates in five- to eight-membered heterocycles is reported. Reduction of allylic acetates under mild conditions using allylpalladium chloride dimer, phosphines, and formic acid/triethyl
Inhibition of stannane-mediated radical rearrangements by a recoverable, minimally fluorous selenol
Crich, David,Hao, Xiaolin,Lucas, Mathew A.
, p. 269 - 271 (2008/02/13)
(equation presented) The preparation of a minimally fluorous diaryl diselenide is described. It is demonstrated that this diselenide, reduced in situ to the corresponding selenol, may be used in conjunction with stannanes to prevent a number of radical rearrangements. A 1 M solution of this selenol used in admixture with Breslow's water-soluble stannane can be used to significantly inhibit a cyclopropylcarbinyl ring opening. The combination of the fluorous selenol and the polar stannane permits recovery of the selenol by continuous fluorous extraction and isolation of a stannane-free hydrocarbon product.
