2179-51-3Relevant articles and documents
Kinetic Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy of Complex Reaction Systems Solvent Effects on the Self-termination of 2,6-Di-t-butylphenoxyl Radicals
Rueegge, Daniel,Fischer, Hanns
, p. 3187 - 3206 (2007/10/02)
Kinetic electron spin resonance spectroscopy with intermittent radical generation has been used to obtain the rate constants of various simultaneous reactions in systems containing 2,6-di-t-butylphenoxyl or 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenoxyl radicals, the latter terminating reversibly.The radicals were generated in various solvents by photolysis of di-t-butylperoxide in presence of the parent phenols.A data-analysis procedure is presented for reaction systems also involving species not detectable by e.s.r.The results show that self-termination rate constants of the phenoxyl radicals are up to two orders of magnitude lower than expected for diffusion control.This is usually attributed to steric hindrance due to the bulky t-butyl groups, but the activation energies found for most solvents contradict this interpretation.An explanation is presented which involves an intermediate in the termination reaction and an extra stabilization of the free radicals by dipole-induced-dipole interactions with the solvents, the latter being characterized by their molar polarization.
Oxidation of Phenols with Iodine in Alkaline Methanol
Omura, Kanji
, p. 3046 - 3050 (2007/10/02)
The use of iodine as an oxidizing agent for phenolic compounds has been explored.The reaction has been conducted in methanol containing such alkali as potassium hydroxide and, depending on the nature of the substituents and on the amount of iodine employed, leads to iodination, oxidation to give a stable phenoxy radical, oxidative dimerization, or benzylic oxidation.In general the reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature, and under appropriate conditions yields of products are good to excellent.Oxidative dimerization of 2,4- and 2,6-di-tert-butylphenols invol-ves iodination followed by iodine-catalyzed dimerization.The oxidation of 4-methylphenols with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone in methanol has been carried out for comparison.