6858-01-1Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Concerted proton-electron transfer oxidation of phenols and hydrocarbons by a high-valent nickel complex
Fisher, Katherine J.,Feuer, Margalit L.,Lant, Hannah M. C.,Mercado, Brandon Q.,Crabtree, Robert H.,Brudvig, Gary W.
, p. 1683 - 1690 (2020/02/25)
The high-valent nickel(iii) complex Ni(pyalk)2+ (2) was prepared by oxidation of a nickel(ii) complex, Ni(pyalk)2 (1) (pyalk = 2-pyridyl-2-propanoate). 2 and derivatives were fully characterized by mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm that the oxidation is metal-centered. 2 was found to react with a variety of phenolic and hydrocarbon substrates. A linear correlation between the measured rate constant and the substrate bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) was found for both phenolic and hydrocarbon substrates. Large H/D kinetic isotope effects were also observed for both sets of substrates. These results suggest that 2 reacts through concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET). Analysis of measured thermodynamic parameters allows us to calculate a bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) of ～91 kcal mol-1 for the O-H bond of the bound pyalk ligand. These findings may shed light onto CPET steps in oxidative catalysis and have implications for ligand design in catalytic systems.
Functional models of nonheme diiron enzymes: Reactivity of the μ-oxo-μ-1,2-peroxo-diiron(iii) intermediate in electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions
Kripli, Balázs,Szávuly, Miklós,Csendes, Flóra Viktória,Kaizer, József
supporting information, p. 1742 - 1746 (2020/02/20)
The reactivity of the previously reported peroxo-adduct [FeIII2(μ-O)(μ-1,2-O2)(IndH)2(solv)2]2+ (1) (IndH = 1,3-bis(2-pyridyl-imino)isoindoline) has been investigated in nucleophilic (e.g., deformylation of alkyl and aryl alkyl aldehydes) and electrophilic (e.g. oxidation of phenols) stoichiometric reactions as biomimics of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR-R2) and aldehyde deformylating oxygenase (ADO) enzymes. Based on detailed kinetic and mechanistic studies, we have found further evidence for the ambiphilic behaviour of the peroxo intermediates proposed for diferric oxidoreductase enzymes.
Hydrogen Atom Abstraction by High-Valent Fe(OH) versus Mn(OH) Porphyrinoid Complexes: Mechanistic Insights from Experimental and Computational Studies
Zaragoza, Jan Paulo T.,Cummins, Daniel C.,Mubarak, M. Qadri E.,Siegler, Maxime A.,De Visser, Sam P.,Goldberg, David P.
supporting information, p. 16761 - 16770 (2019/12/24)
High-valent metal-hydroxide species have been implicated as key intermediates in hydroxylation chemistry catalyzed by heme monooxygenases such as the cytochrome P450s. However, in some classes of P450s, a bifurcation from the typical oxygen rebound pathway is observed, wherein the FeIV(OH)(porphyrin) species carries out a net hydrogen atom transfer reaction to form alkene metabolites. In this work, we examine the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactivity of FeIV(OH)(ttppc) (1), ttppc = 5,10,15-tris(2,4,6-triphenyl)-phenyl corrole, toward substituted phenol derivatives. The iron hydroxide complex 1 reacts with a series of para-substituted 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol derivatives (4-X-2,6-DTBP; X = OMe, Me, Et, H, Ac), with second-order rate constants k2 = 3.6(1)-1.21(3) × 104 M-1 s-1 and yielding linear Hammett and Marcus plot correlations. It is concluded that the rate-determining step for O-H cleavage occurs through a concerted HAT mechanism, based on mechanistic analyses that include a KIE = 2.9(1) and DFT calculations. Comparison of the HAT reactivity of 1 to the analogous Mn complex, MnIV(OH)(ttppc), where only the central metal ion is different, indicates a faster HAT reaction and a steeper Hammett slope for 1. The O-H bond dissociation energy (BDE) of the MIII(HO-H) complexes were estimated from a kinetic analysis to be 85 and 89 kcal mol-1 for Mn and Fe, respectively. These estimated BDEs are closely reproduced by DFT calculations and are discussed in the context of how they influence the overall H atom transfer reactivity.
Iodine/DMSO promoted oxidation of benzylic Csp3–H bonds to diketones – A mechanistic investigation
Jayram, Janeeka,Xulu, Bheki A.,Jeena, Vineet
, (2019/09/30)
This article describes a mechanistic investigation into the I2/DMSO mediated benzylic Csp3–H oxidation of an α-methylene ketone. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum centred at g = 2.0011 supports the involvement of iodine and benzylic radicals, as the α-iodinated compound 2-iodo-1,2-diphenylethanone was isolated as a key reactive intermediate. The oxidation reaction relies, primarily, on DMSO as a source of oxygen in benzil, proven by the reaction of benzyl phenyl ketone with diphenyl sulfoxide (DPSO).
Antiradical activity of benzazole-2-thiones
Gataullina,Mogilevtseva,Nugumanova,Bukharov,Tagasheva,Deberdeev, R. Ya.
, p. 1919 - 1923 (2017/10/27)
Reaction of benzoxazole-2-thione with 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylacetate in methanol affords S-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-mercaptobenzoxazole as the major product. Antiradical activity of S- and N-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl derivatives of benzothiazole(oxazole, imidazole)-2-thione with respect to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl is varies widely. S-Benzyl derivatives exhibit higher reactivity at 30°C.
A cobalt(ii) iminoiodane complex and its scandium adduct: Mechanistic promiscuity in hydrogen atom abstraction reactions
Kundu, Subrata,Chernev, Petko,Engelmann, Xenia,Chung, Chan Siu,Dau, Holger,Bill, Eckhard,England, Jason,Nam, Wonwoo,Ray, Kallol
supporting information, p. 14538 - 14543 (2016/09/28)
In addition to oxometal [Mn+O] and imidometal [Mn+NR] units, transient metal-iodosylarene [M(n-2)+-OIPh] and metal-iminoiodane [M(n-2)+-N(R)IPh] adducts are often invoked as a possible second oxidant responsible for the oxo and imido group transfer reactivity. Although a few metal-iodosylarene adducts have been recently isolated and/or spectroscopically characterized, metal-iminoiodane adducts have remained elusive. Herein, we provide UV-Vis, EPR, NMR, XAS and DFT evidence supporting the formation of a metal-iminoiodane complex 2 and its scandium adduct 2-Sc. 2 and 2-Sc are reactive toward substrates in the hydrogen-atom and nitrene transfer reactions, which confirm their potential as active oxidants in metal-catalyzed oxidative transformations. Oxidation of para-substituted 2,6-di-tert-butylphenols by 2 and 2-Sc can occur by both coupled and uncoupled proton and electron transfer mechanisms; the exact mechanism depends on the nature of the para substituent.
Myricetin, rosmarinic and carnosic acids as superior natural antioxidant alternatives to α-tocopherol for the preservation of omega-3 oils
Guitard, Romain,Paul, Jean-Fran?ois,Nardello-Rataj, Véronique,Aubry, Jean-Marie
, p. 284 - 295 (2016/07/12)
22 natural polyphenols are compared to 7 synthetic antioxidants including BHT, BHA, TBHQ and PG with regard to their ability to protect omega-3 oils from autoxidation. The antioxidant efficiency of phenols is assessed using the DPPH test and the measurement of oxygen consumption during the autoxidation of oils rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Also, the bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE) of the Ar-OH bonds are calculated and excellent correlations between thermodynamic, kinetic and oxidation data are obtained. It is shown that kinetic rates of hydrogen transfer, number of radicals scavenged per antioxidant molecule, BDE and formation of antioxidant dimers from the primary radicals play an important role regarding the antioxidant activity of phenols. Based on this, it is finally shown that myricetin, rosmarinic and carnosic acids are more efficient than α-tocopherol and synthetic antioxidants for the preservation of omega-3 oils.
O-H bond oxidation by a monomeric MnIII-OMe complex
Wijeratne, Gayan B.,Day, Victor W.,Jackson, Timothy A.
, p. 3295 - 3306 (2015/03/05)
Manganese-containing, mid-valent oxidants (MnIII-OR) that mediate proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) reactions are central to a variety of crucial enzymatic processes. The Mn-dependent enzyme lipoxygenase is such an example, where a MnIII-OH unit activates fatty acid substrates for peroxidation by an initial PCET. This present work describes the quantitative generation of the MnIII-OMe complex, [MnIII(OMe)(dpaq)]+ (dpaq = 2-[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)]amino-N-quinolin-8-yl-acetamidate) via dioxygen activation by [MnII(dpaq)]+ in methanol at 25 °C. The X-ray diffraction structure of [MnIII(OMe)(dpaq)]+ exhibits a Mn-OMe group, with a Mn-O distance of 1.825(4) ?, that is trans to the amide functionality of the dpaq ligand. The [MnIII(OMe)(dpaq)]+ complex is quite stable in solution, with a half-life of 26 days in MeCN at 25 °C. [MnIII(OMe)(dpaq)]+ can activate phenolic O-H bonds with bond dissociation free energies (BDFEs) of less than 79 kcal mol-1 and reacts with the weak O-H bond of TEMPOH (TEMPOH = 2,2′-6,6′-tetramethylpiperidine-1-ol) with a hydrogen/deuterium kinetic isotope effect (H/D KIE) of 1.8 in MeCN at 25 °C. This isotope effect, together with other experimental evidence, is suggestive of a concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET) mechanism for O-H bond oxidation by [MnIII(OMe)(dpaq)]+. A kinetic and thermodynamic comparison of the O-H bond oxidation reactivity of [MnIII(OMe)(dpaq)]+ to other MIII-OR oxidants is presented as an aid to gain more insight into the PCET reactivity of mid-valent oxidants. In contrast to high-valent counterparts, the limited examples of MIII-OR oxidants exhibit smaller H/D KIEs and show weaker dependence of their oxidation rates on the driving force of the PCET reaction with O-H bonds. This journal is
Importance of π-stacking interactions in the hydrogen atom transfer reactions from activated phenols to short-lived N-oxyl radicals
Mazzonna, Marco,Bietti, Massimo,Dilabio, Gino A.,Lanzalunga, Osvaldo,Salamone, Michela
supporting information, p. 5209 - 5218 (2014/06/23)
A kinetic study of the hydrogen atom transfer from activated phenols (2,6-dimethyl- and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-substituted phenols, 2,2,5,7,8- pentamethylchroman-6-ol, caffeic acid, and (+)-cathechin) to a series of N-oxyl radical (4-substituted phthalimide-N-oxyl radicals (4-X-PINO), 6-substituted benzotriazole-N-oxyl radicals (6-Y-BTNO), 3-quinazolin-4-one-N-oxyl radical (QONO), and 3-benzotriazin-4-one-N-oxyl radical (BONO)), was carried out by laser flash photolysis in CH3CN. A significant effect of the N-oxyl radical structure on the hydrogen transfer rate constants (kH) was observed with kH values that monotonically increase with increasing NO-H bond dissociation energy (BDENO-H) of the N-hydroxylamines. The analysis of the kinetic data coupled to the results of theoretical calculations indicates that these reactions proceed by a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism where the N-oxyl radical and the phenolic aromatic rings adopt a π-stacked arrangement. Theoretical calculations also showed pronounced structural effects of the N-oxyl radicals on the charge transfer occurring in the π-stacked conformation. Comparison of the kH values measured in this study with those previously reported for hydrogen atom transfer to the cumylperoxyl radical indicates that 6-CH3-BTNO is the best N-oxyl radical to be used as a model for evaluating the radical scavenging ability of phenolic antioxidants.
