2189-83-5

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
(4beta,5beta,17beta)-17-hydroxy-4,5-epoxyandrostan-3-one is used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient for the development of anabolic steroids, leveraging its potent androgenic effects to address hormone-related conditions such as hypogonadism and androgen deficiency.
Used in Athletic Performance Enhancement:
(4beta,5beta,17beta)-17-hydroxy-4,5-epoxyandrostan-3-one is used as a performance-enhancing drug in athletics, where its anabolic and androgenic properties may improve physical performance, although its use for this purpose is often restricted due to ethical and regulatory concerns.

Upstream product

• 5012-85-1 17β-acetoxy-4β,5β-epoxyandrostan-3-one 
• 58-22-0 testosterone 
• 1221910-14-0 17-Hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 
• 1045-69-8 testosterone acetate 

Downstream Products

• 2141-17-5 4-hydroxytestosterone 
• 4075-14-3 2alpha-Hydroxytestosterone 
• 1093-58-9 clostebol 
• 58-22-0 testosterone 
• 121145-41-3 5β,17β-dihydroxyandrostan-3-one 
• 2141-17-5 4-Hydroxy-testosteron 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

A Peroxygenase from Chaetomium globosum Catalyzes the Selective Oxygenation of Testosterone

Unspecific peroxygenases (UPO, EC 1.11.2.1) secreted by fungi open an efficient way to selectively oxyfunctionalize diverse organic substrates, including less-activated hydrocarbons, by transferring peroxide-borne oxygen. We investigated a cell-free approach to incorporate epoxy and hydroxyl functionalities directly into the bulky molecule testosterone by a novel unspecific peroxygenase (UPO) that is produced by the ascomycetous fungus Chaetomium globosum in a complex medium rich in carbon and nitrogen. Purification by fast protein liquid chromatography revealed two enzyme fractions with the same molecular mass (36 kDa) and with specific activity of 4.4 to 12 U mg?1. Although the well-known UPOs of Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO) and Marasmius rotula (MroUPO) failed to convert testosterone in a comparative study, the UPO of C. globosum (CglUPO) accepted testosterone as substrate and converted it with total turnover number (TTN) of up to 7000 into two oxygenated products: the 4,5-epoxide of testosterone in β-configuration and 16α-hydroxytestosterone. The reaction performed on a 100 mg scale resulted in the formation of about 90 % of the epoxide and 10 % of the hydroxylation product, both of which could be isolated with purities above 96 %. Thus, CglUPO is a promising biocatalyst for the oxyfunctionalization of bulky steroids and it will be a useful tool for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant steroidal molecules.

Identification of a fossil sterane biomarker in crude oil - An androstane with a modified carbon skeleton

Three constitutional isomers of androstane were prepared for comparison with three unknown fossil C19H32 organic biomarkers ("19A", "19B", and "19C" in elution order in geological samples from Oman. 3β-Methyl-A-nor-androstane was pre

Unambiguous assignment of 13C NMR signals in epimeric 4,5-epoxy-3-oxo-steroids assisted by X-ray diffraction and Gauge Invariant Atomic Orbitals calculation of absolute isotropic shieldings

Complete assignments of the 13C signals of diastereomeric 4,5-epoxy-3-oxo steroids based on a combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques are described The assignments were corroborated or corrected by calculation of the absolute isotropic 13C NMR shieldings using the Gauge Invariant Atomic Orbitals (GIAO) method at B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level. ARKAT-USA, Inc.

Indium-promoted chemo- and diastereoselective allylation of α,β-epoxy ketones with potassium allyltrifluoroborate

A practical method for the chemo- and diastereoselective allylation of α,β-epoxy ketones has been developed by using the convenient air and moisture stable reagent potassium allyltrifluoroborate. Indium metal was found to promote addition in stoichiometric or catalytic amounts, to afford α,β-epoxyhomoallylic tertiary alcohols in high yields and diastereoselectivities, without competing ring-scission of the epoxide.

Highly efficient epoxidation of unsaturated steroids using magnesium bis(monoperoxyphthalate) hexahydrate

Fast generation of epoxides from the corresponding homoallylic and allylic steroidal olefins was developed by using magnesium bis(monoperoxyphthalate) hexahydrate (MMPP) as oxidant suspended in acetonitrile (CH3CN) at reflux temperature. The protocol involves the use of a safe readily available oxidant along with an easy work-up, which renders the process very efficient. Selective 4,5- and 5,6-epoxidations of steroids are reported. Among them, highly stereoselective epoxidation of Δ5-B-nor-cholestanes was achieved. Moreover, the method is chemoselective for the 5,6-position and can be applied to the epoxidation of ring-A enones.

Highly efficient alkene epoxidation and aziridination catalyzed by iron(II) salt + 4,4′,4″-trichloro-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine/ 4,4″-dichloro-4′-O-PEG-OCH3-2,2′:6′,2″- terpyridine

(Chemical Equation Presented) "Iron(II) salt + 4,4′,4″- trichloro-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine" is an effective catalyst for epoxidation and aziridination of alkenes and intramolecular amidation of sulfamate esters. The epoxidation of allylic-substituted cycloalkenes achieved excellent diastereoselectivities up to 90%. ESI-MS results supported the formation of iron-oxo and -imido intermediates. Derivitization of Cl3terpy to O-PEG-OCH3-Cl2terpy renders the terpyridine unit to be recyclable, and the "iron(II) salt + 4,4″-dichloro-4′-O-PEG-OCH3-2,2′:6′,2″- terpyridine" protocol can be reused without a significant loss of catalytic activity in the alkene epoxidation.

Lithium naphthalenide induced reductive cleavage of α,β-epoxy ketones: An efficient procedure for the preparation of β-hydroxy ketones

Lithium naphthalenide presents itself as a mild and efficient reagent for the cleavage of α,β-epoxy ketones to give the corresponding β-hydroxy ketones in good yields.

Diastereoselective epoxidation of olefins by organo sulfonic peracids, II

We have investigated the behaviour of sulfonic peracids 2 in situ generated towards olefins 7a, 7b, 9, 11, 14, 16, 18, allylic acid and homoallylic alcohols 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 33 and α,β-unsaturated ketones 35, 37, 39. Generally, the epoxidation proceeds in a peracid-like manner with greater diastereoselectivity than those by common oxidants. In particular, the epoxidation of Δ4 3-ketosteroids 39a-i led to 4α,5α-epoxides 40a-i with remarkable high de-values. Enhanced α-selectivity was also found in the epoxidation of cholesterol 28b. Due to the mild reaction conditions, even acid sensitive epoxides 8a, 8b, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19 were obtained in good yields.

Participation of the 19-Substituent in the Conversion of 19-Hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione into the Corresponding 4,5-Diosphenol

The synthesis of 4,19-dihydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione from 19-hydroxy-4β,5-epoxy-5β-androstane-3,17-dione and from 4β,5,19-trihydroxy-5β-androstane-3,17-dione is described.Under various reaction conditions other products are obtained as a result of participation of the 19-hydroxy group to form cyclic ethers.The formation of two of these products, 4α,5-isopropylidene-3α-hydroxy-3β,19-epoxy-5α-androstan-17-one and 4α-hydroxy-4β,19-epoxy-5α-androstane-3,17-dione, can be avoided by treatment of the aforementioned trihydroxy dione with acetic acid in the presence of HCl.

Peroxide oxidation of Δ4-3-ketosteroids

Treatment of Δ4-3-ketosteroids with tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of lithium hydroxide leads to the formation of the corresponding 4β,5β epoxides stereospecifically and in good yield.The stereospecificity of this reaction is explicable in terms of the accepted mechanism for the hydrogen peroxide epoxidation of Δ4-3-ketosteroids.The use of aqueous sodium peroxide as oxidant leads to the production of the corresponding Δ4-3,6-diones.A mechanism for this reaction is proposed in which the key step is autooxidation of the corresponding deconjugated Δ5-3-ketone, produced from the starting material in situ by the action of the reagents.Lithium peroxide does not oxidize androst-4-ene-3,17-dione at C-6, but produces the 4,5-epoxides in low yield together with an A-nor-3,5-secoacid.