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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Efficient olefin epoxidation and alkane hydroxylation using sulfonated manganese(III) porphyrin supported on IRA-900 ion-exchange resin

Sulfonated manganese(III) tetraphenylporphyrin supported on Amberlite IRA-900 ion exchange resin (MnTPPS-Ad) has been found to be a highly active and stable catalyst for olefin epoxidation and alkane hydroxylation by sodium periodate.

Development of a lipase-mediated epoxidation process for monoterpenes in choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents

Chemical syntheses in contemporary process industries today are predominantly conducted using organic solvents, which are potentially hazardous to humans and the environment alike. Green chemistry was developed as a means to overcome this hazard and it also holds enormous potential for designing clean, safe and sustainable processes. The present work incorporates the concepts of green chemistry in its design of a lipase-mediated epoxidation process for monoterpenes; the process uses alternative reaction media, namely deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which have not been reported for such an application before. Choline chloride (ChCl), in combination with a variety of hydrogen bond donors (HBD) at certain molar ratios, was screened and tested for this purpose. The process was optimized through the design of experiments (DoE) using the Taguchi method for four controllable parameters (temperature, enzyme amount, peroxide amount and type of substrate) and one uncontrollable parameter (DES reaction media) in a crossed-array design. Two distinct DESs, namely glycerol:choline chloride (GlCh) and sorbitol:choline chloride (SoCh), were found to be the best systems and they resulted in a complete conversion of the substrates within 8 h. Impurities (esters) were found to form in both the DESs, which was a concern; as such, we developed a novel minimal DES system that incorporated a co-substrate into the DES so that this issue could be overcome. The minimal DES consisted of urea·H2O2 (U·H2O2) and ChCl and exhibited better results than both the GlCh and SoCh systems; complete conversions were achieved within 2 h for 3-carene and within 3 h for both limonene and α-pinene. Product isolation with a simple water/ethyl acetate based procedure gave isolated yields of 87.2 ± 2.4%, 77.0 ± 5.0% and 84.6 ± 3.7% for 3-carene, limonene and α-pinene respectively.

Efficient and selective epoxidation of alkenes with sodium periodate using supported manganese porphyrins under ultrasonic irradiation

Epoxides are readily obtained in high yields and good selectivities by ultrasonic irradiation of alkenes and sodium periodate in the presence of catalytic amounts of manganese porphyrins supported on polyvinylpyridine and IRA-900 ion-exchange resin.

Polystyrene-bound Manganese(III) Porphyrin as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Alkene Epoxidation

The manganese(III) complex of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin covalently bound to crosslinked chloromethylated polystyrene can act as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for alkene epoxidation by sodium periodate.