2206-50-0Relevant articles and documents
Sulfated zirconia: An efficient catalyst for the Friedel-Crafts monoalkylation of resorcinol with methyl tertiary butyl ether to 4-tertiary butylresorcinol
Marakatti, Vijaykumar S.,Marappa, Shivanna,Gaigneaux, Eric M.
, p. 7733 - 7742 (2019)
Friedel-Crafts alkylation of resorcinol with methyl tertiary butyl ether was carried out over sulfated zirconia (SZ) catalysts in the liquid phase. The SZ catalysts were synthesized by an impregnation method with different sulfur amounts and characterized by XRD, FT-IR, nitrogen sorption, XPS, SEM, pyridine-FTIR, and NH3-TPD. The effect of the sulfur loading on the total acidity and catalytic activity was investigated. The influence of the nature of the solvents on the alkylation reaction was inspected in terms of their acceptor and donor numbers. The sulfur loading, amount of solvent, temperature, catalyst amount, mole ratio and reusability of the catalyst were examined. The SZ catalyst synthesized by impregnating 1 N sulfuric acid was found to be highly selective for the monoalkylation to 4-tertiary butyl resorcinol (72%) with a resorcinol conversion of ~70%. The catalyst was recycled thrice with a negligible decrease in the yield for 4-tertiary butylresorcinol. The SZ exhibited the best performance at low temperature (60 °C) among the different types of solid acid catalysts studied so far.
Synergistic role of Lewis and Br?nsted acidities in Friedel-Crafts alkylation of resorcinol over gallium-zeolite beta
Nur, Hadi,Ramli, Zainab,Efendi, Jon,Rahman, Aiman Najati Akmar,Chandren, Sheela,Yuan, Lai Sin
, p. 822 - 825 (2011)
The role of Lewis and Br?nsted acidities in alkylation of resorcinol is demonstrated through the gallium-zeolite beta by varying the amount of Lewis and Br?nsted acid sites. The synergism of Lewis and Br?nsted acid sites takes place heterogeneously in Friedel-Crafts alkylation of resorcinol with methyl tert-butyl ether to produce 4-tert-butyl resorcinol and 4,6-di-tert-butyl resorcinol as the major and minor products, respectively.
Role of Lewis and Br?nsted acid sites in resorcinol: Tert-butylation over heteropolyacid-based catalysts
Gaigneaux, Eric M.,Marakatti, Vijaykumar S.,Pezzotta, Chiara
, p. 7984 - 7997 (2020/12/28)
The role of Br?nsted and Lewis acid sites at the surface of heteropolyacid-based catalysts was studied in resorcinol alkylation with methyl-Tert-butylether. Three sets of catalysts, SiO2/HPW, TiO2/HPW and ZrO2/HPW (where HPW stands for phosphotungstic acid hydrate), synthesized by the hydrolytic sol-gel method were investigated. The surface total acidity was characterized by ammonia chemisorption and thermo-programmed desorption. In addition, infrared analysis of adsorbed pyridine was performed to distinguish between Br?nsted and Lewis sites. The resorcinol conversion was correlated to the fraction of Br?nsted sites present at the catalyst surface based on the total acidity. The results pointed out the importance of considering both Br?nsted and Lewis sites as active players in the mechanism of resorcinol alkylation: Lewis sites have the role of adsorbing the substrate close to the tert-butyl cation, which is formed on Br?nsted sites. Resorcinol conversion can be increased to a maximum if the right Br?nsted/Lewis ratio is attained at the catalyst surface.