23470-00-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Optimization of the reaction conditions in the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of structured triglycerides
Schmid,Bornscheuer,Soumanou,McNeill,Schmid
, p. 1527 - 1531 (1998)
Structured triglycerides of the ABA-type, containing one type of fatty acid (A) in the sn-1 and sn-3 positions and a second type of fatty acid (B) in the sn-2 position of the glycerol, were synthesized using lipases. The highest yields and purities were achieved in a two-step process, where a triglyceride of the B-type was subjected to an alcoholysis reaction in an organic solvent catalyzed by sn-1,3-regiospecific lipases yielding the corresponding 2-monoglyceride (2-MG). Using this strategy, e.g., 2-monopalmitin (2-MP) was obtained in up to 88% yield at >95% purity by crystallization. Esterification of 2-MP with oleic acid resulted in the formation of 1,3-oleyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol in up to 72% yield containing 94% palmitic acid in the sn-2 position. The best lipases were from Rhizomucor miehei, Rhizopus delemar, and Rhizopus javanicus. Water activity, solvent, and carrier for lipase immobilization strongly influenced the yield and purity of the products in both steps. Furthermore, 2-MG from fish oil were produced by alcoholysis in up to 84% yield at >95% purity.
Tailoring base catalyzed synthesis of palm oil based alkyd resin through CuO nanoparticles
Ong, Huei Ruey,Khan, Md. Maksudur Rahman,Ramli, Ridzuan,Rahman, Md. Wasikur,Yunus, Rosli Mohd
, p. 95894 - 95902 (2015)
Palm oil based alkyd resin was synthesized by an alcoholysis-polyesterification process over a base catalyst tailored by copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. In the present paper we synthesized CuO sol in glycerol and subsequently used it in alkyd resin synthesis. The formation of the alkyd resin was confirmed by FTIR, Raman, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR methods and its molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The antimicrobial activity of the pseudo-homogeneous additive was determined via the Kirby-Bauer method and the stability of the CuO was determined by X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES). The addition of CuO nano-sol to the conventional homogeneous base catalyzed system explored a new catalytic route for the preparation of bioresin from vegetable oil, reducing the reaction time as well as adding antimicrobial properties to the resin.
Monomyristin and monopalmitin derivatives: Synthesis and evaluation as potential antibacterial and antifungal agents
Jumina,Nurmala, Asma,Fitria, Anggit,Pranowo, Deni,Sholikhah, Eti Nurwening,Kurniawan, Yehezkiel Steven,Kuswandi, Bambang
, (2018/12/11)
In the present work, monoacylglycerol derivatives, i.e., 1-monomyristin, 2-monomyristin, and 2-monopalmitin were successfully prepared from commercially available myristic acid and palmitic acid. The 1-monomyristin compound was prepared through a transesterification reaction between ethyl myristate and 1,2-O-isopropylidene glycerol, which was obtained from the protection of glycerol with acetone, then followed by deprotection using Amberlyst-15. On the other hand, 2-monoacylglycerol derivatives were prepared through enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides in the presence of Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase enzymes. The synthesized products were analyzed using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer, gas or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS or LC-MS), and proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H- and13C-NMR) spectrometers. It was found that monomyristin showed high antibacterial and antifungal activities, while 2-monopalmitin did not show any activity at all. The 1-monomyristin compound showed higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and also higher antifungal activity against Candida albicans compared to the positive control. Meanwhile, 2-monomyristin showed high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. The effect of the acyl position and carbon chains towards antibacterial and antifungal activities was discussed.
PRECURSOR COMPOUNDS FOR MOLECULAR COATINGS
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Paragraph 00143, (2017/04/07)
Presented are compositions that can be used as protective coatings for agricultural (e.g., food) substrates. The compositions can comprise a compound of Formula I: and an additive, wherein the variables m, n, q, r, Ra, Rb, R1/s
METHOD FOR PREPARING AND PRESERVING SANITIZED PRODUCTS
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, (2017/08/21)
Described herein are methods of sanitizing and preserving produce and other agricultural products, for example for consumption as Ready-to-Eat. The methods can comprise treating the products with a sanitizing agent and forming a protective coating over the products.
METHOD OF REDUCING SPOILAGE IN HARVESTED PRODUCE DURING STORAGE AND SHIPPING
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, (2017/10/31)
Described herein are formulations and methods of reducing spoilage in harvested produce by reducing the rate of water or mass loss, thereby resulting in high quality produce with lower rates of spoilage. The present disclosure provides coatings and methods of coating produce to prevent moisture loss from produce during storage and shipment of the produce. This in turn allows the produce to be shipped and stored at lower relative humidity (e.g., lower than industry standards for shipment and storage, or lower than about 90% relative humidity), which can help delay the growth of biotic stressors such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and/or pests.
PLANT EXTRACT COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF PREPARATION THEREOF
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Paragraph 00118, (2016/12/07)
Embodiments described herein relate generally to plant extract compositions and methods to isolate cutin-derived monomers, oligomers, and mixtures thereof for application in agricultural coating formulations, and in particular, to methods of preparing pla
Application of chemoenzymatic hydrolysis in the synthesis of 2-monoacylglycerols
Whitten, Kyle M.,Makriyannis, Alexandros,Vadivel, Subramanian K.
experimental part, p. 5422 - 5428 (2012/09/08)
The selective biocatalyzed synthesis of 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs) through the use of commercially available immobilized Candida antarctica (Novozym435) and Rhizomucor miehei is explored. Reactions at room temperature result in the formation of a 2-MAG and a corresponding ethyl ester of the fatty acid with immobilized C. antarctica within 2 h with yields ranging from 36% to 83%. Similar reaction conditions with immobilized R. miehei yielded exclusively the 2-MAG after 24 h with yields ranging from 37% to 88%. Yields vary on the acyl group at the sn-2 position and choice of enzyme involved.
Quantitative method for the profiling of the endocannabinoid metabolome by LC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-MS
Williams, John,Wood, JodiAnne,Pandarinathan, Lakshmipathi,Karanian, David A.,Bahr, Ben A.,Vouros, Paul,Makriyannis, Alexandros
, p. 5582 - 5593 (2008/03/12)
The endocannabinoid system's biological significance continues to grow as novel endocannabinoid metabolites are discovered. Accordingly, a myopic view of the system that focuses solely on one or two endocannabinoids, such as anandamide or 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, is insufficient to describe the biological responses to perturbations of the system. Rather, the endocannabinoid metabolome as a whole must be analyzed. The work described here is based on liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. This method has been validated to quantify, in a single chromatographic run, the levels of 15 known or suspected metabolites of the endocannabinoid system in the rat brain and is applicable to other biological matrixes. We have obtained an endocannabinoid profile specifically for the frontal cortex of the rat brain and have determined anandamide level differences following the administration of the fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor AM374.
Design of well balanced hydrophilic-lipophilic catalytic surfaces for the direct and selective monoesterification of various polyols
Kharchafi, Ghizlane,Jerome, Francois,Adam, Isabelle,Pouilloux, Yannick,Barrault, Joel
, p. 928 - 934 (2007/10/03)
The transesterification process is a well known reaction of organic chemistry. However, the monoesterification of unprotected polyols such as glycerol or sucrose is much more complex and the design of selective catalysts is becoming a huge challenge in order to avoid many protection and deprotection steps, harmful for the cost and the environmental impact of the resulting process. In this study, we showed that the control of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of heterogeneous catalysts is a crucial key in order to tune both the catalyst activity and the monoester selectivity. Indeed, whereas homogeneous guanidine led to low selectivity toward monoesters, its anchorage on a hydrophilic solid support such as silica allowed us to prepare two basic hybrid organic-inorganic materials able to selectively afford monoesters in high yield and in an environmentally-friendly process, at low temperature and starting from an equimolecular mixture of unprotected polyols and various fatty methyl esters. The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2005.
