23631-72-3

Upstream product

• 501-53-1 benzyl chloroformate 
• 7524-50-7 methyl (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoate hydrochloride 
• 105414-01-5 Cbz-L-Pro-OCO₂-i-Bu 
• 147-85-3 L-proline 
• 1148-11-4 N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-proline 
• 63-91-2 L-phenylalanine 
• 2577-90-4 methyl (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoate 
• 3304-59-4 N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-proline p-nitrophenyl ester 

Downstream Products

• 79262-32-1 (S)-2-[(S)-1-((S)-1-Carbamoyl-3-methyl-butylcarbamoyl)-2-phenyl-ethylcarbamoyl]-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester 
• 13589-02-1 L-prolyl-L-phenylalanine 
• 5654-85-3 (3S,8aS)-3-benzyloctahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione 
• 1400991-77-6 (S)-N-{(R)-1-[3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ureido]-2-phenylethyl}pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 
• 1400991-74-3 (S)-benzyl 2-{(R)-1-[3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ureido]-2-phenylethylcarbamoyl}pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 
• 88084-24-6 L-prolyl-L-phenylalanine 3-aminopropylamide 
• 16152-74-2 N-carbobenzoxy-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-N^ω-nitro-L-arginine 
• 88105-58-2 N-carbobenzoxy-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanine 3-(carbobenzoxyamino)propylamide 
• 23846-09-5 Pro-Phe-Arg 
• 6464-80-8 N-carbobenzoxy-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-N^ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester 
• 591208-36-5 (S,S)-N-(3-dimethoxymethyl-benzoyl)proline-phenylalanine carboxylic acid hydrazide 
• 591208-35-4 (S,S)-N-(3-dimethoxymethyl-benzoyl)proline-phenylalanine methyl ester 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Phenysilane and Silicon Tetraacetate: Versatile Promotors for Amide Synthesis

Phenylsilane was reevaluated as a useful coupling reagent for amide synthesis. At room temperature, a wide range of amides and peptides were obtained in good to excellent yields (up to 99 %). For the first time, Weinreb amides synthesis mediated by a hydrosilane were also documented. Comparative experiments with various acetoxysilanes suggested the involvement of a phenyl-triacyloxysilane. From this mechanistic study, silicon tetraacetate was shown as an efficient amine acylating agent.

Combining prolinamides with 2-pyrrolidinone: Novel organocatalysts for the asymmetric aldol reaction

Peptides and especially prolinamides have been identified as excellent organocatalysts for the aldol reaction. The combination of prolinamides with derivatives bearing the 2-pyrrolidinone scaffold, deriving from pyroglutamic acid, led to the identification of novel organocatalysts for the intermolecular asymmetric aldol reaction. The new hybrids were tested both in organic and aqueous media. Among the compounds tested, 22 afforded the best results in petroleum ether, while 25 afforded the products in brine in high yields and selectivities. Then, various ketones and aldehydes were utilized and the products of the aldol reaction were obtained in high yields (up to 100%) with excellent diastereo- (up to 97:3 dr) and enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).

Proline dipeptides containing fluorine moieties as oganocatalysts for the asymmetric aldol reaction

A series of dipeptide analogues consisting of proline, phenylalanine and aniline- or phenol-fluorine derivatives were synthesized. Their catalytic ability was evaluated in the intermolecular asymmetric aldol reaction, both in organic and aqueous media. Aniline-fluorine derivatives proved to be superior and the best results were obtained, when 2-CF3 aniline was employed. A diverse substrate scope consisting of both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, as well as different ketones was demonstrated, where aromatic aldehydes afforded products in high yields (up to 100%) with excellent diastereo- (up to 95:5) and enantioselectivities (up to 97%), whereas the aliphatic aldehydes afforded also excellent selectivities, but relatively low yield. A simple addition of fluorine to a dipeptide analogue affords organocatalysts with new interesting properties that can catalyze the aldol reaction more efficiently.

Direct Hydroxylation of Benzene to Phenol by Cytochrome P450BM3 Triggered by Amino Acid Derivatives

The selective hydroxylation of benzene to phenol, without the formation of side products resulting from overoxidation, is catalyzed by cytochrome P450BM3 with the assistance of amino acid derivatives as decoy molecules. The catalytic turnover rate and the total turnover number reached 259 min?1 P450BM3?1 and 40 200 P450BM3?1 when N-heptyl-l-proline modified with l-phenylalanine (C7-l-Pro-l-Phe) was used as the decoy molecule. This work shows that amino acid derivatives with a totally different structure from fatty acids can be used as decoy molecules for aromatic hydroxylation by wild-type P450BM3. This method for non-native substrate hydroxylation by wild-type P450BM3 has the potential to expand the utility of P450BM3 for biotransformations.

Evaluation of two cyclic di-peptides as inhibitors of CCL2 induced chemotaxis

Monocyte chemoattractant protein (CCL2) plays a major role in the recruitment of monocytes during inflammation. In this study we analysed properties of synthetic CCL2 inhibitors in inhibiting CCL2 mediated monocyte migration. Using trans-endothelial chemotaxis assays compounds C1 and C5 were found to significantly reduce CCL2 mediated migration. Flow based adhesion assays showed reduction in adhesion to VCAM-1 in the presence of 10 nM CCL2 and 50 μM C5 (p 0.05). Further studies with these compounds can aid in their development as anti-inflammatory therapies. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.

Novel prolinamide-ureas as organocatalysts for the asymmetric aldol reaction

Among the various versions of the aldol reaction, the enantioselective reaction between cyclic ketones and aldehydes constitutes a typical reaction model for the evaluation of novel organocatalysts. A multifunctional organocatalyst consisting of a prolinamide moiety, a gem diamine unit and a urea group was successfully employed in this asymmetric transformation. The products of the reaction between various ketones and aldehydes were obtained in high yields (up to 98%) with excellent diastereo- (up to >98:2 dr) and enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).

Solvent-free asymmetric aldol reaction organocatalyzed by (S)-proline-containing thiodipeptides under ball-milling conditions

An efficient, solvent-free ball-milling protocol for the asymmetric aldol reaction between cyclohexanone and cyclopentanone with various aromatic aldehydes using a novel series of (S)-proline-containing dipeptides and thiodipeptides 1a-f as organocatalysts is reported. In general, (S)-proline-containing thiodipeptides proved to be better organocatalysts relative to their analogous amides. In particular, thiodipeptide (S,S)-1d catalyzed the stereoselective formation of the expected aldol products with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity (up to 98:2 anti/syn dr and up to 96% ee). This observation may be ascribed to the increased N-H acidity of the thioamide segment that leads to stronger H-bonding interaction with the aldehyde carbonyl at the transition state and thus higher stereoinduction. Furthermore, thiodipeptide 1f proved to be an efficient organocatalyst for the aldol reaction of acetone with isatin and isatin derivatives (ee 56-86%).

L-proline-catalyzed asymmetric michael addition of 2-oxindoles to enones: A convenient access to oxindoles with a quaternary stereocenter

A new organocatalytic approach for 1,4-conjugate addition of 2-oxindoles to α,β-unsaturated ketones using the combination of readily available and nonexpensive l-proline and achiral trans-2,5-dimethylpiperazine as catalytic system is provided. The reaction results in oxindole derivatives with vicinal quaternary and tertiary carbon centers in up to 99% yield and 91% ee. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.

Asymmetric aldol reaction organocatalyzed by (S)-proline-containing dipeptides: Improved stereoinduction under solvent-free conditions

The organocatalytic activity of the methyl ester of (S)-proline-(S)- phenylalanine, (S,S)-2, in the asymmetric aldol reaction between cyclohexanone and acetone with various aromatic aldehydes under solvent-free conditions in a ball mill has been evaluated. α,α-Dipeptide (S,S)-2 catalyzed the stereoselective formation of the expected aldol products, with higher diastereo-and enantioselectivity relative to similar reactions in solution, up to 91:9 anti:syn diastereomeric ratio and up to 95% enantiomeric excess.(Figure Presented)

Efficient ball-mill procedure in the 'green' asymmetric aldol reaction organocatalyzed by (S)-proline-containing dipeptides in the presence of water

The organocatalytic activity of (S)-proline-based dipeptides 1a-c has been evaluated in the asymmetric aldol reaction between representative ketones with various aromatic aldehydes under solvent-free conditions in a ball mill. In particular, the methyl ester of (S)-proline-(S)-tryptophan, (S,S)-1c, proved to be an efficient organocatalyst, and the aldol reaction proceeded with good chemical yields and excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity (up to 98:2 anti/syn dr and up to 98% ee), in the presence of water, and 5 mol % of benzoic acid as additive.